الإكتناب

278 اﻹﻛﺘﺌﺎب meemfinal/qafinitial/rehisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated/behisolated -/arabicindicdigittwo/arabicindicdigitzero. /tehmarbutafinal/yehmedial/behinitial/aleffinal/yehwithjeeminitial/alefwithhamzabelowisolated /rehfinal/aininitial/aleffinal/sheenmedial/meeminitial /hehfinal/laminitial /lamfinal/hahwithmeeminitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /lamwithalefisolated /sadfinal/khahmedial/sheeninitial /noonfinal/meeminitial (/tehmarbutafinal/meeminitial/wawisolated/zainfinal/aininitial) /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /lamfinal/fehmedial/lamwithhahinitial /tehmarbutaisolated/wawfinal/aininitial/dalisolated /dadfinal/fehinitial/rehisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigittwo/arabicindicdigitone............. /rehisolated/wawfinal/khahwithmeeminitial /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /tehisolated/aleffinal/behinitial/wawisolated/rehfinal/sheenmedial/meeminitial /lamisolated/wawisolated/aleffinal/noonmedial/tehmedial/laminitial /tehmarbutafinal/aininitial/aleffinal/jeemwithmeeminitial /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /sadfinal/khahmedial/sheeninitial /hahisolated/aleffinal/lamwithhahinitial/alefwithhamzabelowisolated /meemisolated/wawisolated/aleffinal/qafinitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigittwo/arabicindicdigittwo /noonwithyehfinal/meeminitial /hehfinal/behmedial/tatweel/lammedial/tahmedial/yehinitial /lamisolated/dalisolated/aleffinal/aininitial /rehfinal/tatweel/yehmedial/ghaininitial/wawisolated /arabiccomma /behisolated/wawfinal/tatweel/ghaininitial/rehfinal/meeminitial /yehwithrehfinal/ghaininitial /lamfinal/tatweel/meemmedial/ainmedial/behinitial /meemisolated/aleffinal/tatweel/yehmedial/qafmedial/laminitial/alefisolated /dadfinal/tatweel/fehinitial/rehisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated ............................................................ /meemfinal/hehmedial/meeminitial /sadfinal/khahmedial/sheeninitial -/arabicindicdigittwo/arabicindicdigitthree....... /lamfinal/behmedial/qafinitial /noonfinal/meeminitial /aleffinal/tehwithhehinitial/rehisolated/aleffinal/ainmedial/tehmedial/seeninitial/alefisolated /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /aleffinal/hehmedial/dadinitial/alefisolated/rehfinal/tehmedial/qafinitial/alefisolated /tehwithmeemisolated /hamzaisolated/aleffinal/yehmedial/sheeninitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /hamzaisolated/yehfinal/sheeninitial /ainisolated/aleffinal/jeeminitial/rehisolated/alefwithhamzabelowfinal/behinitial /behfinal/laminitial/aleffinal/tahinitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated

/aleffinal/jeeminitial/rehisolated/alefwithhamzabelowfinal/behinitial /behfinal/laminitial/aleffinal/tahinitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigittwo/arabicindicdigitfour/aleffinal/yehwithhamzaabovemedial/yehmedial/sheeninitial /lamfinal/tatweel/ainmedial/fehmedial/yehinitial /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /lamisolated/wawfinal/qafmedial/yehinitial /aleffinal/meeminitial/dalfinal/tatweel/noonmedial/aininitial /yehfinal/hahinitial/aleffinal/yehmedial/tehinitial/rehisolated/alefisolated /meemisolated/dalfinal/aininitial /noonfinal/aininitial /lamfinal/yehmedial/meeminitial/zainisolated /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /qaffinal/yehinitial/dalfinal/sadmedial/laminitial /behwithrehfinal/aininitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated ................................................................ /noonwithyehfinal/qafmedial/yehinitial/aleffinal/dadmedial/yehinitial -/arabicindicdigittwo/arabicindicdigitfive/meemisolated/aleffinal/aininitial /noonisolated/aleffinal/tatweel/kafmedial/meeminitial /fehwithyehisolated /noonwithyehfinal/qafmedial/yehinitial/aleffinal/tatweel/dadmedial/yehinitial /hamzaisolated/yehfinal/sheeninitial /noonfinal/aininitial /fehfinal/qafinitial/wawfinal/tatweel/tehmedial/laminitial/alefisolated /sadfinal/tatweel/khahmedial/sheeninitial /noonfinal/meeminitial /behfinal/tatweel/lammedial/tahinitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated ............................................................ (/yehwithnoonfinal/khahinitial/dalfinal/tehmedial/laminitial/aleffinal/kafinitial) -/arabicindicdigittwo/arabicindicdigitsix...................................................... /qaffinal/yehinitial/dalfinal/sadmedial/laminitial /dalfinal/qafmedial/nooninitial /hehfinal/yehmedial/jeeminitial/wawfinal/tehinitial -/arabicindicdigittwo/arabicindicdigitseven......................................... (/yehfinal/jeeminitial/wawisolated/zainisolated /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated) /tehwithyehfinal/jeeminitial/wawisolated/zainfinal/laminitial /dalfinal/qafmedial/nooninitial /hehfinal/yehmedial/jeeminitial/wawfinal/tehinitial -/arabicindicdigittwo/arabicindicdigiteight.......................... /yehwithnoonfinal/ainmedial/meeminitial /sadfinal/khahmedial/sheeninitial /noonfinal/meeminitial /tehmarbutafinal/hahmedial/yehmedial/sadmedial/nooninitial /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /tehmarbutaisolated/dalfinal/aininitial/aleffinal/seenmedial/meeminitial /behfinal/lammedial/tahinitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigittwo/arabicindicdigitnine.......................................... /yehwithnoonfinal/ainmedial/meeminitial /sadfinal/khahmedial/sheenmedial/laminitial /behwithyehfinal/hahinitial /noonfinal/aininitial /behwithrehfinal/aininitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigitthree/arabicindicdigitzero...........................

l/aininitial /behwithrehfinal/aininitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigitthree/arabicindicdigitzero........................... /hehfinal/yehmedial/laminitial/alefwithhamzabelowisolated /jeemisolated/aleffinal/tehmedial/hahinitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /hamzaisolated/yehfinal/sheeninitial /dadisolated/alefisolated/rehfinal/tehmedial/qafinitial/alefisolated /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /tehmarbutaisolated/rehisolated/aleffinal/ainmedial/tehmedial/seeninitial/alefisolated /behfinal/lammedial/tahinitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigitthree/arabicindicdigitone.......................... /meemfinal/hehmedial/meeminitial /ainisolated/wawfinal/dadinitial/wawfinal/lamwithmeeminitial /tehmarbutafinal/meeminitial/aleffinal/aininitial /tehmarbutafinal/sheenmedial/qafinitial/aleffinal/noonmedial/meeminitial /fehwithyehisolated /yehfinal/yehinitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated/rehisolated /noonfinal/aininitial /behwithrehfinal/aininitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigitthree/arabicindicdigittwo................................... /meemfinal/hehmedial/meeminitial /ainisolated/wawfinal/dadinitial/wawfinal/meeminitial /fehwithyehisolated /yehfinal/fehmedial/qafinitial/wawfinal/meeminitial /alefmaksurafinal/lammedial/aininitial /rehfinal/sadinitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigitthree/arabicindicdigitthree....................... /rehfinal/khahinitial/alefwithmaddaaboveisolated /qaffinal/yehinitial/dalfinal/sadinitial /ainfinal/meeminitial /sheenfinal/qafinitial/aleffinal/noonmedial/tehmedial/yehinitial /qaffinal/yehinitial/dalfinal/sadinitial /rehfinal/zahmedial/nooninitial /tehmarbutafinal/hehmedial/jeeminitial/wawisolated /meemfinal/aininitial/dalisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigitthree/arabicindicdigitfour.......................... /tehmarbutaisolated/dalfinal/yehmedial/jeeminitial /tehmarbutafinal/fehinitial/rehfinal/ainmedial/meeminitial /hehfinal/fehinitial/rehfinal/aininitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /lamwithalefisolated /sadfinal/khahmedial/sheenmedial/laminitial /yehfinal/yehinitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated/rehisolated /noonfinal/aininitial /behwithrehfinal/aininitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigitthree/arabicindicdigitfive.......... /alefisolated/dalfinal/yehmedial/jeeminitial /aleffinal/hehmedial/ainmedial/seenwithmeeminitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /lamwithmeemisolated /rehfinal/zahmedial/nooninitial /tehmarbutafinal/hehmedial/jeeminitial/wawisolated /tehmarbutaisolated/dalisolated/aleffinal/aininitial/alefwithhamzabelowisolated /hehfinal/noonmedial/meeminitial /behfinal/lammedial/tahinitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated/wawisolated /arabiccomma /aleffinal/sadmedial/khahmedial/sheeninitial /ainfinal/tahinitial/aleffinal/qafinitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated

wawisolated /arabiccomma /aleffinal/sadmedial/khahmedial/sheeninitial /ainfinal/tahinitial/aleffinal/qafinitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigitthree/arabicindicdigitsix /hehfinal/qafmedial/yehinitial/aleffinal/tatweel/dadmedial/yehmedial/seeninitial /arabickaffinal/laminitial/thalisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /fehisolated/rehfinal/tatweel/aininitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /tehfinal/tatweel/noonmedial/kafinitial /wawfinal/tatweel/laminitial /tehwithalefmaksurafinal/hahinitial /aleffinal/tatweel/sadmedial/khahmedial/sheeninitial /dadisolated/rehisolated/aleffinal/tatweel/aininitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated ........................................................... (/aleffinal/hehmedial/qafmedial/yehinitial/aleffinal/dadmedial/yehinitial /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated) -/arabicindicdigitthree/arabicindicdigitseven....................... /noonwithyehfinal/laminitial/thalfinal/khahinitial /hehfinal/nooninitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /arabiccomma /hehfinal/yehmedial/fehinitial /yehfinal/lammedial/meeminitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /tehmarbutafinal/behmedial/yehmedial/khahinitial /noonfinal/aininitial /sadfinal/khahmedial/sheenmedial/laminitial /behwithrehfinal/aininitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigitthree/arabicindicdigiteight................................. /yehisolated/dalisolated/rehfinal/fehmedial/behwithmeeminitial /noonwithyehfinal/kafinitial/rehfinal/tehmedial/yehinitial /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /sadfinal/khahmedial/sheeninitial /noonfinal/meeminitial /behfinal/lammedial/tahinitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigitthree/arabicindicdigitnine.............. /hehfinal/lammedial/ainmedial/fehinitial /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /hehfinal/laminitial/aleffinal/qafinitial /dalfinal/yehmedial/jeeminitial /hamzaisolated/yehfinal/sheenmedial/behinitial /behwithyehisolated/aleffinal/jeemmedial/aininitial/alefwithhamzabelowisolated /noonfinal/aininitial /lamfinal/yehmedial/meeminitial/zainisolated /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /qaffinal/yehinitial/dalfinal/sadmedial/laminitial /behwithrehfinal/aininitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigitfour/arabicindicdigitzero/meemisolated/aleffinal/aininitial /ainisolated/aleffinal/tatweel/meemmedial/tehmedial/jeeminitial/alefisolated /fehwithyehisolated /aleffinal/lamwithhehinitial/aleffinal/qafinitial /tehmarbutaisolated/dalfinal/yehmedial/jeeminitial /rehfinal/zahmedial/nooninitial /tehmarbutafinal/tatweel/hehmedial/jeeminitial/wawfinal/laminitial /yehisolated/dalfinal/yehmedial/yehinitial/alefwithhamzaabovefinal/tehinitial /noonfinal/aininitial /sadfinal/tatweel/khahmedial/sheenmedial/laminitial /behwithrehfinal/aininitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigitfour/arabicindicdigitone.................

l/sheenmedial/laminitial /behwithrehfinal/aininitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -/arabicindicdigitfour/arabicindicdigitone................. /hehfinal/ainmedial/meeminitial /yehfinal/yehwithhamzaaboveinitial/aleffinal/qafmedial/laminitial /wawisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /yehfinal/thehmedial/yehinitial/dalfinal/behwithhahinitial /yehisolated/rehisolated/wawisolated/rehfinal/seeninitial /alefmaksuraisolated/dalfinal/meeminitial /noonfinal/aininitial /sadfinal/khahmedial/sheenmedial/laminitial /behwithrehfinal/aininitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /noonisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /tehisolated/alefisolated/thalfinal/laminitial/alefisolated /dalfinal/yehmedial/kafinitial/alefwithhamzaabovefinal/tehinitial /noonfinal/tahinitial/alefisolated/wawfinal/meeminitial /noonfinal/aininitial /fehfinal/sheenmedial/kafmedial/lammedial/laminitial /noonisolated/aleffinal/yehmedial/behmedial/tehmedial/seeninitial/alefisolated (/ainfinal/behinitial/aleffinal/tehinitial)

279 ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﺜﻘﺔ وﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ا meemfinal/qafinitial/rehisolated/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated/behisolated -(arabicindicdigitfour(arabicindicdigittwo......................................... (alefisolated(rehfinal(hehinitial(aleffinal(meeminitial (wawisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (aleffinal(aininitial(dalfinal(behmedial(meeminitial (lamwithaleffinal(meemmedial(aininitial (hahisolated(dalfinal(tehmedial(meeminitial(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (noonisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -(arabicindicdigitfour(arabicindicdigitthree(arabiccomma (aleffinal(yehmedial(hahmedial(sadinitial) (noonwithyehfinal(behmedial(seeninitial(aleffinal(noonmedial(tehinitial (lamwithalefisolated (tehisolated(aleffinal(behinitial(wawisolated(rehfinal(sheenmedial(meeminitial (wawisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (tehmarbutafinal(meemmedial(ainmedial(tahinitial(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (lamisolated(wawisolated(aleffinal(tatweel(noonmedial(tehmedial(laminitial (aleffinal(hahinitial(aleffinal(tatweel(lamwithhahinitial(alefwithhamzabelowisolated (dadfinal(tatweel(fehinitial(rehisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (noonisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated ................................................................... ((lamwithaleffinal(thehmedial(meeminitial -(arabicindicdigitfour(arabicindicdigitfour(hamzaisolated(aleffinal(yehmedial(sheeninitial(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (lamfinal(meemmedial(tatweel(aininitial (noonfinal(meeminitial (dalfinal(tatweel(lamwithhahinitial(alefisolated (behwithyehisolated(rehisolated(aleffinal(tatweel(qafinitial(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (wawisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (yehfinal(tatweel(tehinitial(yehwithrehfinal(jeeminitial (wawisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (fehwithyehisolated(rehisolated(aleffinal(tatweel(ainmedial(meeminitial (noonfinal(meeminitial (behfinal(lammedial(tahinitial(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (noonisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated ...................... ((lamwithaleffinal(thehmedial(meeminitial (hamzaisolated(aleffinal(dadinitial(wawfinal(dadinitial (tehmarbutaisolated(rehisolated(aleffinal(thehinitial(alefwithhamzabelowisolated) (tehwithyehisolated(rehfinal(seeninitial(lamwithalefhamzaaboveisolatedd (wawisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (jeemisolated(aleffinal(aininitial(zainisolated(lamwithalefhamzabelowisolated(alefisolated (lamwithyehisolated (behfinal(behmedial(seenmedial(tehinitial -(arabicindicdigitfour(arabicindicdigitfive..................... (tehmarbutaisolated(rehfinal(meemmedial(tehmedial(seenmedial(lamwithmeeminitial(alefisolated (hehfinal(tehinitial(aleffinal(hahinitial(aleffinal(lamwithhahinitial(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (noonfinal(meeminitial (lamfinal(lammedial(qafmedial(yehinitial (noonisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (sadfinal(khahmedial(sheeninitial (noonfinal(meeminitial (behfinal(lammedial(tahinitial(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (noonisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -(arabicindicdigitfour(arabicindicdigitsix..................

oonfinal(meeminitial (behfinal(lammedial(tahinitial(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (noonisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -(arabicindicdigitfour(arabicindicdigitsix.................. (qaffinal(behinitial(aleffinal(seeninitial (lamisolated(aleffinal(sadmedial(tehinitial(aleffinal(behinitial (wawisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (dalfinal(aininitial(wawfinal(behwithmeeminitial (lamwithyehisolated (tehisolated(alefisolated(rehisolated(aleffinal(yehinitial(zainfinal(laminitial(alefisolated (noonisolated(wawfinal(kafmedial(tehinitial (noonisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (behfinal(lammedial(tahinitial(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (noonisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -(arabicindicdigitfour(arabicindicdigitseven............................ (behwithyehisolated(aleffinal(yehwithjeeminitial(alefwithhamzabelowisolated (lamfinal(meemmedial(aininitial (noonfinal(aininitial (lamfinal(meemmedial(ainmedial(laminitial(alefisolated (fehwithyehisolated (yehfinal(seenmedial(yehmedial(yehwithhamzaaboveinitial(rehisolated (meemisolated(aleffinal(meeminitial(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (behwithrehfinal(aininitial(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (noonisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated -(arabicindicdigitfour(arabicindicdigiteight........................ (lamisolated(dalisolated(aleffinal(aininitial (yehwithrehfinal(ghaininitial (wawisolated(alefwithhamzaaboveisolated (fehfinal(hahmedial(meemwithjeeminitial (fehisolated(rehfinal(sadmedial(tehinitial (noonfinal(meeminitial (yehisolated(alefisolated(wawfinal(kafmedial(sheeninitial (noonfinal(aininitial (behwithrehfinal(aininitial /tehisolated/alefisolated/thalfinal/laminitial/alefisolated /dalfinal/yehmedial/kafinitial/alefwithhamzaabovefinal/tehinitial /noonfinal/aininitial /noonfinal/tahinitial/alefisolated/wawfinal/meeminitial /noonfinal/aininitial /fehfinal/sheenmedial/kafmedial/lammedial/laminitial /noonisolated/aleffinal/yehmedial/behmedial/tehmedial/seeninitial/alefisolated (/ainfinal/behinitial/aleffinal/tehinitial)

280 اﻹﻛﺘﺌﺎب

281 اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ وﺗﺪرﻳﺐ ا اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ وﺗﺪرﻳﺐ اﳌﻬﺎرات ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ اﻟﺼﺮاﻋﺎت واﻵنﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﺑـﻌـﺪ أن ﻋـﺮﻓـﻨـﺎ ﻣـﻌــﻨــﻰ ﺗــﺄﻛــﻴــﺪ اﻟــﺬاتﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ واﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺸﻌﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻓـﺘـﻘـﺎر إﻟـﻰ ذﻟﻚﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﺑﻌﺪ اﳋﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أوﺿﺤﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ اﻟـﺒـﻌـﺾ ﻋـﺎﺟـﺰا ﻋـﻦ اﻟـﺘـﻘـﺪم واﻛـﺘـﺴــﺎب ا اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ. وﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻔﺸﻞ أﺳﺒﺎب ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻲﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ. ﻓﻤﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟـﺸـﺨـﺼـﻴـﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻗـﺪ ﻳﺠﺪ اﻟﻔﺮد ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﺎﺟﺰا ﻋﻦ اﻷداء اﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪي ﺑﺴﺒﺐ وﺟﻮد ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ وﻣﺰﻣـﻦ ﻣـﻦ اﻟـﻘـﻠـﻖ اﻻﺟـﺘـﻤـﺎﻋـﻲ واﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎب. وﻣـﻦ اﻟـﻨـﺎﺣـﻴـﺔ اﻻﺟـﺘـﻤـﺎﻋـﻴـﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻗـﺪ ﺗـﻜـﻮن اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﻏﻮب ﻓﻴـﻬـﺎ اﺟـﺘـﻤـﺎﻋـﻴـﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎتﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أو ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺷـﺨـﺎص ﻓـﻲ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ. ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﻮال ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻨﻴﺎت أﺧﺮى ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﲡﻨﺐ اﻟﻔﺮد اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ا ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﺸﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﺘﻲ 16

282 اﻹﻛﺘﺌﺎب ﺷﺮﺣﻨﺎﻫﺎ. وﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺎت واﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴـﺐ اﻟـﺘـﻲ أﺛـﺒـﺘـﺖ اﻟﺒﺤﻮث واﳋﺒﺮة ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ. وﻣﻦ أوﺟﻪ اﻟﻘﺼﻮر ﻓـﻲ اﻟـﺴـﻠـﻮك اﻻﺟـﺘـﻤـﺎﻋـﻲ ﻋـﻨـﺪ اﻟـﺬﻳـﻦ ﻳـﻌـﺎﻧـﻮن ﻣـﻦ اﻻﺿﻄﺮاب اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎب: اﻟﻌﺠﺰ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ ﻋـﻦ اﻟـﺘـﻌـﺎﻣـﻞ ﻣـﻊ ا ا ﻧﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ا ﺣﺎﻻت اﻛﺘﺌﺎﺑﻨﺎﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻟﻜﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ أن ﻧﺤﺪد وﺟﻬ اﻟﻘﺼﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ا ١ ـ اﻟﻌﺠﺰ واﻟﺼﻤﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮﻧﺎ اﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ إﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ )ﻛﺎﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺮﺿﺎ واﻟﺸﻜﺮ(ﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أو ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ )ﻛﺎﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎج أو اﻟﺮﻓﺾ(. ٢ ـ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ اﻷﺧﺮق ﻏﻴﺮ ا اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺪرة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻨﻔﺲﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أو ﻧﻘﺒﻞ دون أي اﺣﺘﺠﺎج ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﳒﺪ ﺧﺮﻗﺎ ﳊﻘﻮﻗﻨﺎ اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ. واﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ا واﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻت. ﻟﻬﺬا ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻌﻼج اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ رﺋـﻴـﺴـﻲ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ا ﻋﻦ ا وﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ وأﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺼﺪد أن ﻧﺸﺠﻊ ا وﻧﻌﻮده ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ا اﻷﺳﻠﻮب اﺳﻢfeelings talkﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أي ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ا اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﺻﺮﻳﺤﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻮﻗﺔ وﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺔ. وﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒـﻊ ﻳـﺠـﺐ أن ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ذﻟﻚ: اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ا ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺈﺑﺪاء: - اﳊﺐﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أو اﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﺒﺎرات ﻣﺜﻞ: إﻧﻨـﻲ أﺣـﺐ ﻫـﺬا اﻟـﺸـﻲءﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺳﻌﺪت ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ ﻣﻌﻚ. - أو ﻋﺪم اﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ واﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎجﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﺒﺎرات ﻣﺜﻞ: إﻧﻨﻲ أرﻓﺾ ﻫﺬا اﻷﺳﻠﻮب ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﺬا ﺗﻮﻗﻌﻲ ﻣﻨﻚ.

283 اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ وﺗﺪرﻳﺐ ا - واﻣﺘﺪاح اﻵﺧﺮﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻣﺜﻼ: إن اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ذﻛﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﻖﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أﻋﺠﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺻﺮاﺣﺘﻚﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎق ﻛﻞ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻲﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أو - اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ: ﺳﺄﻇﻞ ﻫﻜﺬا ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮا إﻟﻰ أن أﻛﺴﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨـﻬـﺎﻳـﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻻﺑـﺪ أن أوﺻﻞ رأﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ا - أو اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻚ: ﻫﻞ ﺗﻌﺘﻘﺪ أﻧﻨﻲ أﺻﺪق ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻟﻪ?! ﻛﻴﻒ أﺗﺄﻛﺪ أﻧﻚ ﺳﺘﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ اﺗﻔﻘﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ?! - أو اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﻓﺎن ﺑﺎﳉﻤﻴﻞﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﺒﺎرات ﻣﺜﻞ: أﺷﻜـﺮ ﻟـﻚ دﻋﻤﻚ وﻣﺴﺎﻧﺪﺗﻚﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أﺷﻜﺮ ﻟﻚ اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻚ ﺑﺤﻖ(... اﻟﺦ )اﻧﻈﺮ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ٥٩٩١(. ﺑﻌﺒﺎرة أﺧﺮىﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻓﺈن ﺗﻨﻄﻴﻖ ا ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻌﺎت اﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ. واﻟﻘﺎﻋـﺪة اﻟـﺬﻫـﺒـﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ذﻟـﻚ ﻫـﻲ اﻟﺼﺪق وأﻣﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸﻌﻮر اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪ ﻟﺪى اﻟﺸﺨﺺ. وﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻧﻨﺼﺢ ﻣﺮﺿﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﺪا أﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ا ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺘﺤﻮل إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎدة ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﺗﺴﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ إﺗﻘﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺺ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻠﻖ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ واﻛﺘﺴﺎب ﻣﻬﺎرة اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ. وﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻧﻔﻀﻞ أن ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ أو اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟـﺬﻳـﻦ ﻳـﻌـﺎﻧـﻮن ﻣـﻦ ﺗـﺎرﻳـﺦ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ وﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺼﻮر ﻓﻲ ا ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ا اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ا ﺗﺘﺤﺮج ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﻜﺲ أﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻮاﻓـﻘـﺘـﻚ ﻋـﻠـﻰ ذﻟـﻚ. وﺑـﺬﻟـﻚ ﺳـــﺘـﺪﻋـﻢ ﻟـﺪﻳـﻬـﻢ اﻟـﺒـﺤـﺚ ﻋـﻦ اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺎت ﻓﻴﻚ. وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺳﺘﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﻋﺎﺋﺪا إﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ أﻧﻚ ﲢﻮل ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣـﻮﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻼﺟﻲ ﻟﻚﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻳﺪﻋـﻢ ﻋﺎداﺗﻚ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ اﳉﺪﻳﺪةﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﻳﺪﻋـﻢ اﻻﺳـﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺰال ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺎﺗﻬﺎ. وﻟﺘـﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻘـﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﻛﻴـﺪ اﻟـﺬات واﳊـﺮﻳـﺔ اﻻﻧﻔﻌـﺎﻟﻴﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀـﺮوري أن ﺗﻜـﻮن اﻻﺳـﺘﺠـﺎﺑـﺎت اﻟﺒـﺪﻧﻴـﺔ ﻣﻼﺋﻤـﺔ )اﻧﻈـﺮ إﻃـﺎر ﺷـﺎرح ١ ـ ٦١(. وﻳﻮﺟﻪ ا اﻟﺮاﻫﻦ ﺟﺰءا ﻣﻦ اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺗﻬﻢ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮات اﻟﻮﺟﻬﻴﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وأﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﳊﺮﻛﺔ واﻟﻜﻼم وا

284 اﻹﻛﺘﺌﺎب واﻟﻘـﻠـﻖ اﻻﺟـﺘـﻤـﺎﻋـﻲ. وﻣـﻦ ا اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ: ﻧﺒﺮة اﻟﺼﻮتﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ إذ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻮت أن ﻳﻜﻮنﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ واﺛﻘﺎﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﻣﻼﺋﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻒﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﻘﺎء اﻟﻌﻴﻮن ودرﺟﺔ اﺣﺘـﻜـﺎﻛـﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎﻟـﺸـﺨـﺺ أو اﻷﺷـﺨـﺎص اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺤﺪث ﻣﻌﻬﻢﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻛﺬﻟـﻚ ﺗـﺸـﻜـﻴـﻞ اﳉـﺴـﻢ وﺣـﺮﻛـﺎﺗـﻪ. ﻛـﺬﻟـﻚ وﺟـﺪﻧـﺎ أن اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﺪد ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺷﺎرات ﺑﺎﻟﻴـﺪ واﻟـﺬراعﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﺗـﺴـﺎﻋـﺪ اﻟـﺸـﺨـﺺ ﻋـﻠـﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﺮر ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻮد اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ. وﻣﻦ ا وﶈﺘﻮى اﻟﻜﻼم. ﻻ ﺗﺒﺘﺴﻢ وأﻧﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻘﺪا ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣـﺎﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أو وأﻧـﺖ ﺗـﺮﻳـﺪ أن ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻐﻀﺐ. ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺗﺼﻠﺐ وﺟﻬﻚﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﻻ ﲡﻌﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺒـﻴـﺮات اﻟـﻌـﺪاوةﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وأﻧﺖ ﲢﺎول أن ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺒﻚ وإﻋﺰازك ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻌ ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮك اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﻨﺎع اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮي. اﺟﻌﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘ وﻳﻨﺒﻬﻨﺎGoldstein, Gershaw, & Sprafkin,1993( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت ا ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ واﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎﺗﻬﻢ أﻳﻀـﺎ. ﻓـﺘـﺪرﻳـﺐ ﻣـﻬـﺎرة اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ا وﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ا )١( ﺗﻼﺣﻆ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻌﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴـﺚ ﻣـﺤـﺘـﻮى ﻣـﺎ ﻳـﻘـﻮﻟـﻪﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وأﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﻳﺸﻤﻞ ذﻟﻚ أن ﺗﺘﻨﺒﻪ إﻟﻰ ﻧﺒﺮﺗـﻪ اﻟـﺼـﻮﺗـﻴـﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وإ وﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮاﺗﻪ. وﻣﻦ ا ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺳﻴﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﻣﻦ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ا ﺣﻮارا أو أن ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى أﻋﻤﻖ ﻣـﻦ اﳊـﻮارﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أو ﻣـﺘـﻰ ﻳـﺠـﺐ أن ﺗـﻨـﻬـﻲ اﳊﻮار وﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ. )٢( ﻓﻜﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺸﻌـﺮ ﺑـﻪ اﻟـﺸـﺨـﺺ اﻵﺧـﺮ أو اﻷﺷـﺨـﺎص اﻵﺧـﺮونﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﺪرب ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎempathy. وﻧﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎ وﻣﺘﻔﻬﻤﺎ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻮن أو ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن ﻣﻌﻚ. ﺑﻌﺒﺎرة أﺧﺮىﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أن ﺗﻜـﻮن ﻗـﺎدرا ﻋـﻠـﻰ رؤﻳـﺔ اﻷﻣﻮر ﻣﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻵﺧﺮ. وﻣﻦ ﺷﺄن ذﻟﻚ أن ﻳﻌﻤـﻖ ﻋـﻼﻗـﺎﺗـﻚ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وأن ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪك ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻚ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ وإﳊﺎﺣﺎﺗﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ إذا ﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﻬﻤﺖ ﻇﺮوﻓﻬﻢ ﺗﻔﻬﻤﺎ ﺟﻴﺪاﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻮاﺟﻬﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﺎ إذا ﻣﺎ ﺑﻨﻲ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎت أﻛﺜﺮ

285 اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ وﺗﺪرﻳﺐ ا وﻳﻌﺒﺮ إﻋﺪادﻧﺎ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﺪرة. وﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ذﻟﻚ أن ﺗﺘﺨﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻋـﻠـﻴـﻪ ﻣـﺸـﺎﻋـﺮك ﻓـﻲ ﻫـﺬا ا واﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﻚ إزاء ﻛﻞ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت وﺿﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ واﳋﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﺣﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻋـﻦ ﺗـﺪرﻳـﺐ اﻟـﺘـﻮﻛـﻴـﺪﻳـﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻓـﻲ اﻟـﻔـﺼـﻞ اﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ(. ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻨﻮع ا ﺗﺸﻤﻞ أﺷﺨﺎﺻﺎ ﻳﺤﺘﻠﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﺎ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻛﺄﻓﺮاد اﻷﺳﺮةﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أو اﻟﺮؤﺳﺎء. وﻻ ﻳﺘﺴﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻓﺮاد اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻌـﻬـﻢ ﻓـﻲ ﻋـﻼﻗـﺎت ﺗـﻔـﺎﻋـﻠـﻴـﺔ ﺑـﻨـﻔـﺲ behisolated/wawfinal/lammedial/seeninitial/lamwithalefhamzaaboveisolatedd/alefisolated/tehmarbutafinal/meemmedial/yehwithhamzaaboveinitial/lamwithaleffinal/lamwithmeeminitial/alefisolated /tehmarbutafinal/qafmedial/yehinitial/rehfinal/tahmedial/laminitial/alefisolated/tehmarbutafinal/meemmedial/yehwithhamzaaboveinitial/lamwithaleffinal/lamwithmeeminitial/alefisolated /yehwithrehfinal/ghaininitial /tehmarbutafinal/qafmedial/yehinitial/rehfinal/tahmedial/laminitial/alefisolated/tehmarbutafinal/yehmedial/yehwithhamzaaboveinitial/alefisolated/dalfinal/ainmedial/laminitial/alefisolated /tehmarbutafinal/qafmedial/yehinitial/rehfinal/tahmedial/laminitial/alefisolated /yehisol.te0/reh:in.l/s.0me0i.l/2ehme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /l.m:in.l/s.0initi.l/.le:isol.te0/w.w:in.l/tehme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0/meemisol.te0/0.l:in.l/.ininiti.l/w.wisol.te0 /.r.2i77omm. /yehwithnoon:in.l/.inme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /rehisol.te0/.le::in.l/seenme0i.l/k.:me0i.l/nooniniti.l/.le:isol.te0/:ehwithyehisol.te0 /tehm.r2ut.isol.te0/0.lisol.te0/w.w:in.l/s.0me0i.l/q.:me0i.l/l.mwithmeeminiti.l/.le:isol.te0 /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/q.:me0i.l/l.mme0i.l/meemme0i.l/l.mwithh.hiniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /yehisol.te0/reh:in.l/s.0me0i.l/2ehme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /l.m:in.l/s.0initi.l/.le:isol.te0/w.w:in.l/tehme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0/theh:in.l/yehiniti.l/0.l:in.l/l.mwithh.hiniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /h.mz.isol.te0/.le::in.l/noonme0i.l/thehiniti.l/.le:withh.mz..2oveisol.te0 /s.0:in.l/kh.hme0i.l/sheenme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le::in.l/2ehiniti.l/s.0:in.l/kh.hme0i.l/sheenme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /yehwithnoon:in.l/.inme0i.l/2ehiniti.l /.le::in.l/hehme0i.l/yehwithh.mz..2oveiniti.l/.le::in.l/q.:me0i.l/tehme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0/theh:in.l/yehiniti.l/0.l:in.l/l.mwithh.hiniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /h.mz.isol.te0/.le::in.l/noonme0i.l/thehiniti.l/.le:withh.mz..2oveisol.te0 /s.0:in.l/kh.hme0i.l/sheenme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /heh:in.l/yehme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:withh.mz.2elowisol.te0 /w.wisol.te0/.le:withh.mz..2oveisol.te0 /heh:in.l/.inme0i.l/meeminiti.l/theh:in.l/yehiniti.l/0.l:in.l/l.mwithh.hiniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /h.mz.isol.te0/.le::in.l/noonme0i.l/thehiniti.l/.le:withh.mz..2oveisol.te0 /.inisol.te0/w.w:in.l/0.0initi.l/w.w:in.l/meemme0i.l/l.mme0i.l/l.miniti.l /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/meemme0i.l/yehwithh.mz..2oveiniti.l/l.mwith.le::in.l/meeminiti.l /noonisol.te0/w.w:in.l/k.:me0i.l/tehiniti.l /noonisol.te0/.le:withh.mz..2oveisol.te0/noonwith.le:m.ksur.:in.l/.inme0i.l/l.mwithmeeminiti.l/.le:isol.te0 /noon:in.l/meeminiti.l /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/yehme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le::in.l/kh.hiniti.l/0.0:in.l/gh.inme0i.l/2ehiniti.l /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/yehme0i.l/yehwithh.mz..2oveiniti.l/.le:isol.te0/0.l:in.l/.ininiti.l /tehisol.te0/.

:in.l/yehme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le::in.l/kh.hiniti.l/0.0:in.l/gh.inme0i.l/2ehiniti.l /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/yehme0i.l/yehwithh.mz..2oveiniti.l/.le:isol.te0/0.l:in.l/.ininiti.l /tehisol.te0/.le:isol.te0/yehwithreh:in.l/2ehme0i.l/.inme0i.l/tehiniti.l /.le::in.l/hehme0i.l/l.mme0i.l/q.:me0i.l/noonme0i.l/tehiniti.l /tehwithyeh:in.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/l.miniti.l/.le::in.l/seeniniti.l/reh:in.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /w.wisol.te0/.le:withh.mz..2oveisol.te0/tehm.r2ut.:in.l/.inme0i.l/nooniniti.l/.le::in.l/kh.hiniti.l /w.wisol.te0/.le:withh.mz..2oveisol.te0/tehm.r2ut.:in.l/l.miniti.l/.le::in.l/seeniniti.l/reh:in.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /.inisol.te0/w.w:in.l/0.0initi.l/w.w:in.l/meeminiti.l /noon:in.l/.ininiti.l /reh:in.l/z.hme0i.l/noonme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/l.miniti.l/.le::in.l/seeniniti.l/reh:in.l/l.mme0i.l/l.miniti.l /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/meemme0i.l/yehwithh.mz..2oveiniti.l/l.mwith.le::in.l/meeminiti.l/w.wisol.te0 /.r.2i77omm. /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/l.miniti.l/0.l:in.l/tehme0i.l/.inme0i.l/meeminiti.l /yehwithreh:in.l/gh.ininiti.l/w.wisol.te0 /.r.2i77omm. /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/2ehme0i.l/l.mme0i.l/s.0me0i.l/tehme0i.l/meeminiti.l /.r.2i77omm. /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/meeminiti.l/0.l:in.l/.inme0i.l/noonme0i.l/meeminiti.l/:ehwithyehisol.te0 /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/:ehiniti.l/reh:in.l/seenme0i.l/meeminiti.l/w.wisol.te0 /.r.2i77omm. /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/t.hiniti.l/reh:in.l/:ehme0i.l/meeminiti.l /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/l.miniti.l/.le::in.l/seeniniti.l/reh:in.l/l.mme0i.l/l.miniti.l /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/meemme0i.l/yehwithh.mz..2oveiniti.l/l.mwith.le::in.l/meeminiti.l /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/seeniniti.l/.le::in.l/meemme0i.l/l.mwithh.hiniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /.le:m.ksur.:in.l/l.mme0i.l/.ininiti.l/w.wisol.te0 /.r.2i77omm. /2eh:in.l/s.0me0i.l/tehme0i.l/noonme0i.l/meeminiti.l /meem:in.l/seenme0i.l/l.mwithjeeminiti.l/.le:isol.te0/.r.2i77omm. /reh:in.l/seenme0i.l/k.:me0i.l/noonme0i.l/meeminiti.l /noon:in.l/h.hme0i.l/noonme0i.l/meeminiti.l /.in:in.l/0.0initi.l/w.wisol.te0/.le:m.ksur.:in.l/l.mme0i.l/.ininiti.l/w.wisol.te0 /.r.2i77omm. /2eh:in.l/s.0me0i.l/tehme0i.l/noonme0i.l/meeminiti.l /meem:in.l/seenme0i.l/l.mwithjeeminiti.l/.le:isol.te0 /.in:in.l/0.0initi.l/w.w:in.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0/w.wisol.te0 /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/:ehiniti.l/.le::in.l/seenme0i.l/l.mwithmeeminiti.l/.le:isol.te0/h.mz.isol.te0/.le::in.l/noonme0i.l/noonwithh.hiniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /.in:in.l/meeminiti.l /.r.2i77omm. /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/meemme0i.l/yehwithh.mz..2oveiniti.l/l.mwith.le::in.l/meeminiti.l /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/:ehiniti.l/.le::in.l/seenme0i.l/meeminiti.l/tehm.r2ut.isol.te0/0.l:in.l/yehme0i.l/.inme0i.l/2ehiniti.l /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/:ehiniti.l/.le::in.l/seenme0i.l/meeminiti.l /.le:m.ksur.:in.l/l.mme0i.l/.ininiti.l/w.wisol.te0/tehm.r2ut.isol.te0/0.l:in.l/yehme0i.l/.inme0i.l/2ehiniti.l /w.wisol.te0/.le:withh.mz..2oveisol.te0 /.le:isol.te0/0.l:in.l/jeeminiti.l /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/2ehme0i.l/yehiniti.l/reh:in.l/q.:initi.l /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/:ehiniti.l/.le::in.l/seenme0i.l/meeminiti.l /noonwithyehisol.te0/0.l:in.l/2ehme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0/reh:in.l/kh.hiniti.l/l.mwith.le:m.00..2oveisol.te00/.le:isol.te0 /hehisol.te0/.le::in.l/tehwithjeeminiti.l/.le:isol.te0 /:ehwithyehisol.te0 /t.h:in.l/yehme0i.l/seenme0i.l/2ehiniti.l/h.mz.

l/kh.hiniti.l/l.mwith.le:m.00..2oveisol.te00/.le:isol.te0 /hehisol.te0/.le::in.l/tehwithjeeminiti.l/.le:isol.te0 /:ehwithyehisol.te0 /t.h:in.l/yehme0i.l/seenme0i.l/2ehiniti.l/h.mz.isol.te0/.le::in.l/noonme0i.l/noonwithh.hiniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /.in:in.l/meeminiti.l /.r.2i77omm. /s.0:in.l/kh.hme0i.l/sheenme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /noon:in.l/meeminiti.l /s.0:in.l/kh.hme0i.l/sheenme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /w.w:in.l/noonwithh.hiniti.l /heh:in.l/yehme0i.l/:ehiniti.l /gh.in:in.l/l.miniti.l/.le::in.l/2ehme0i.l/meeminiti.l /.r.2i77omm. /meem:in.l/yehwithh.mz..2oveiniti.l/l.mwith.le::in.l/meeminiti.l /.inisol.te0/.le::in.l/:ehme0i.l/tehiniti.l/rehisol.te0/.le::in.l/2ehiniti.l/w.wisol.te0 /.r.2i77omm. /q.::in.l/thehiniti.l/.le:isol.te0/w.wisol.te0/2eh:in.l/yehme0i.l/tehiniti.l/rehisol.te0 /.r.2i77omm. /seen:in.l/meeminiti.l/.le::in.l/hehiniti.l /.r.2i77omm. /reh:in.l/seenme0i.l/k.:me0i.l/noonme0i.l/meeminiti.l/tehisol.te0/.le:isol.te0/2ehwithreh:in.l/noonme0i.l/2ehiniti.l/w.wisol.te0 /.r.2i77omm. /l.misol.te0/.le::in.l/.ininiti.l/w.wisol.te0 /0.l:in.l/yehiniti.l/0.l:in.l/sheeniniti.l /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/meemme0i.l/yehwithh.mz..2oveiniti.l/l.mwith.le::in.l/meeminiti.l/w.wisol.te0 /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/h.hme0i.l/0.0initi.l/.le:isol.te0/w.wisol.te0 /tehisol.te0/.le:isol.te0/2ehwithreh:in.l/nooniniti.l/tehm.r2ut.:in.l/t.hme0i.l/l.mme0i.l/seenme0i.l/tehme0i.l/meeminiti.l /noon:in.l/k.:me0i.l/l.miniti.l/w.wisol.te0 /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/h.hme0i.l/0.0initi.l/.le:isol.te0/w.wisol.te0 Spiegler & Gueveremont, 1993, p. 270 : /noon:in.l/.ininiti.l /arabicindicdigitone/arabicindicdigitsix - /arabicindicdigitone /hahisolated/rehisolated/aleffinal/sheeninitial /rehisolated/aleffinal/tahinitial/alefwithhamzabelowisolated /tehmarbutafinal/yehmedial/aininitial/aleffinal/meemmedial/tehmedial/jeeminitial/lamwithalefisolated/alefisolated /tehmarbutaisolated/rehisolated/aleffinal/hehmedial/lamwithmeeminitial/aleffinal/behinitial /tehmarbutafinal/tahmedial/behmedial/tehinitial/rehfinal/meeminitial /tehmarbutafinal/yehmedial/zahmedial/fehmedial/laminitial/wawisolated /tehmarbutafinal/yehmedial/nooninitial/dalfinal/behinitial /behfinal/yehmedial/laminitial/aleffinal/seeninitial/alefwithhamzaaboveisolated /tehisol.te0/w.w:in.l/s.0me0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /tehm.r2ut.:in.l/yehme0i.l/hehme0i.l/jeeminiti.l/w.w:in.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /tehisol.te0/.le:isol.te0/yehwithreh:in.l/2ehme0i.l/.inme0i.l/tehme0i.l/l.miniti.l/.le:isol.te0 /tehisol.te0/.le:isol.te0/h.mz.isol.te0/.le::in.l/yehwithmeeminiti.l/l.mwith.le:h.mz.2elowisol.te0/.le:isol.te0

286 اﻹﻛﺘﺌﺎب اﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻓﺒﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺘﻬﺠﻤﺎﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻳﻜﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘـﺪ وا اﻟﺼﺮاﻋﺎتﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺴﻢ ﺑﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﲡﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﺤﺮص ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺑﻪﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﺗﻨﻘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻮاﺋﺐﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ إن ارﺗﻜﺒﻨﺎ ﺧﻄﺄ ﲡﺎﻫﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ اﻧﻔﻌﺎﻟﻲ أﻓﻠﺖ ﻣﻨﺎ زﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺼﻮرة ﻣﻘﺼﻮدة أو ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺼﻮدة. وﻓـﻲ ﻛـﻞ ﻫـﺬه ا ﻧﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ أن ﻧﻜﻮن ﻣﺪرﺑ اﻹﺣﺒﺎط اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﻦ دﺧﻮﻟﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ وﻣﻮاﻗﻒ ﻣﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ. وﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه ا ﻗﺪر ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ. وﻳﻮﺻﻲSmith1975(ﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺧﻤﺴﺔ أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﺗﺘﻼءم ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻦ ا واﻻﺳﺘﺜﺎرة. ﻓﻬﻨﺎك ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺮىnegative assertionﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺮى أﻧﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺨﻄﺄ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ اﻟﻠﻮم واﻟﻨﻘﺪ ﻣﻦ زﻣﻴﻞ أو رﺋﻴﺲ أو ﻗﺮﻳﺐ. ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم أﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ أن ﺗﻌﺘﺮف ﺑﻮﺿﻮح أﻧﻚ أﺧﻄﺄتﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﺒ ﻧﻴﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﻟﻢ ﺗﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺿﺮرا ﻣﺎﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﻣﺜﻼ: - ﻧﻌﻢ ﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﻓﻌﻠﺖ ذﻟﻚ اﳋﻄﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎدﺗـﻲ وﻟـﻜـﻦ ﻟـﻢ ﻳـﻜـﻦ ﻫـﺬا ﻣﻘﺼﻮدا أو ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ أو ﻣﺴﺘﻨﻜﺮا. - أه... اﻟﺬي ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻪ?!! إﻧﻨﻲ ﻋﺎدة ﻻ أﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺬا. وﲢﺘﺎج أﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ إﻟﻰ أن ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ أﺷﺨﺎص ﻳﻮاﺟﻬﻮﻧﻚ ﺑﺎﻧﻔﻌﺎل أو ﻏﻀﺐﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﻧﻮﺻﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨـﺪام اﻷﺳـﻠـﻮب اﻟـﺬي ﻧـﺒـﻪ إﻟـﻴـﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ disarming angerﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أي ﲡﺮﻳﺪ ﻏﻀﺐ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ واﻧﻔﻌﺎﻟﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺗﻪ وﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻷﺳﻠﻮب أن ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻫﻞ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ )أو اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ( اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺗـﺄﺗـﻴـﻚ ﻣـﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ آﺧﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ اﻧﻔﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻏﺎﺿـﺐ أو ﺛـﺎﺋـﺮﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ ﺑـﺄن ﲡـﻌـﻞ ﺗـﺮﻛـﻴـﺰك ﻻ ﻋـﻠـﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﳊﺪﻳﺚﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أو ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻐﺎﺿﺒﺔﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟـﻄـﺮﻳـﻘـﺔ اﻟـﺘـﻲ ﻳﻌﺒﺮ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ أن اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻏـﺎﺿـﺐﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وأﻧـﻚ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮل ﻣﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻬﺪأ اﻵنﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ أو ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ. ﻗﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻬﺪوء وﺑﺈﺻﺮار وﺑﺼﻮت ﻣﻌﺘﺪل اﻟﻨﺒـﺮات ﻣـﺘـﻮﺳـﻂ اﻟـﺸـﺪةﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ إن ﻣـﻦ ﺷﺄن ﻫﺬا اﻷﺳﻠﻮب أن ﻳﺠﻨﺒﻚ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺒﺪأﻫﺎﻏﺲﺘﺲﻰﺐمﻏﳉءﺄﻊ وﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ