المعلقات في صحيح الإمام ابن خزيمة جمعا وتخريجا ودراسة

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W3l–H3!,[H0'0–P_YH9)–P_¶";– ž¶9*0" ž .¸I1*–FH[/ Arabic References 1. Abu Alma‘ali, Muhammad A. and Al-Shafi‘e, Jalal-ad-Din. Al-Edhah fi Uloum al-Balagah. Ed. Muhammad A. Khafaji. 3rd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Jil. Print. 2. Abu Bakr, Abdulrahman, and as-Sayouti, Jalal-ad-Din. Bughiat al- Wu‘at fi Tabaqat al-Laghawiyien wa al-Nuhat . Ed. Muhammad A. Ibrahim. Lebanon: al-Maktabah al-Asriyyah. Print 3. Abu Musa, Muhammad M. Khasa’es al-Tarakib: An analytical study of semantics issues. 7th ed. Maktabat Wah´bah. Print. 4. Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo. Al-Mu‘jam al-Wasit. Dar ad- Da‘wah. Print. 5. Ahmad, Mahmoud and Al-Zamakhshari, Jaar Allah . Asas al-Balagah . Ed. Muhammad B. O youn as-Soud. 1 st ed. Lebanon, Beirut: Dar al- Kutub al-‘Eilmiyyah, 1419 H / 1998 G. Print. 6. Al-‘Aidarous, Abdulqader S. Al-Nour al-Safer ‘an Akhbar al-Qarn al- ‘Asher. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Elmiyyah, 1405 H. Print. 7. Al-Akbari, Abdullah H. Al-Tibian fi I‘rab al-Quran. Ed. Ali M. al- Bajawi. Esa al-Babi al-Halabi and his partners, n.d. Print. 8. Al-Akri, Abdulhai A. Shatharat ath-Thahab fi Akhbar mn Thahab . Ed. Mahmoud al-Arna’out, takhrij Abdulqader al-Arna’out. 1 st ed. Damascus, Beirut: Dar ibn Kathir, 1406 H / 1986 G. Print. 9. Al-Alousi, Mahmoud A. Rouh al-Ma‘ani fi Tafsir al-Quran al-Azhim wa as-Sab‘i al-Mathani. Ed. Ali A. ‘Atiyah. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al- ’Elmiyyah, 1415 H. Print. 10. Al-Anbari, Muhammad Q. az-Zaher fi Ma‘ani Kalimat an-Nas. Ed. Dr. Hatem S. al-Dhamen. 1 st ed. Beirut: ar-Risalah Foundation, 1412 H. Print.

;3H%–³Y/*–;/ ²–Y´Y* C–¶J9 –žF*–€ƒ‚‡® Using the Explicit in the Position of the Elliptical in Tafsir Al-Jalalayn Compilation and Study Dr. Ali Juraiyed Al-Enezi Department of Islamic Studies Northern Border University Abstract: The title of this study is "Using the E xplicit in the Position of the Elliptical in Tafsir Al-Jalalayn: Compilation and Study". The study aims at identifying the style of using the explicit in the position of the elliptical and stating the benefits of th is style in the light of what interpreters and rhetoricians have said. It also aims at collecting the verses in which this style is used by referring to Tafsir Al-Jalalayn. This research is made up of an introduction, two sections and a conclusion. The first section includes three parts: two are about al-Jalalayn biography, and the third is about the meaning of using the explicit in the position of the elliptical, followed by th e evidence of its occuren ce, its benefits, rule and purposes. Moreover, this part covers three themes. Then the second section includes the study of the verses in which the explicit style is used in the position of the elliptical as stated by Al-Jalalayn. In the body of the text, there is a listing of scholars who have documented this style in every verse studied, with a demonstration of its usefulness and purpose. Finally, the research conclusio n summarises the most important findings and recommendations.

ﻛﺘﺎب ﺧﻼل ﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﻮاﻋﻆ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﺔ "اﻟﻨﺒﻼء أﻋﻼم ﺳﻴﺮ"اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻓﻆ د.اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪاﷲ اﻟﺪﻋﻮة ﻗﺴﻢ – واﻻﺣﺘﺴﺎبا ﻟﻠﺪﻋﻮة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺳﻌﻮد ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻹﻣﺎم ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ 

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     ﺧﻼل ﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﻮاﻋﻆ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﺘﺎباﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﺔ "اﻟﻨﺒﻼء أﻋﻼم ﺳﻴﺮ"اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻓﻆ د.اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪاﷲ اﻟﺪﻋﻮة ﻗﺴﻢ – واﻻﺣﺘﺴﺎبا ﻟﻠﺪﻋﻮة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺳﻌﻮد ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻹﻣﺎم ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ : ﺗﺠـــﺎرﺑﻬﻢ، ﻣـــﻦ واﻻﺳـــﺘﻔﺎدة اﻟـــﺪﻋﺎة، ﺗـــﺎرﻳﺦ ﻻﺳـــﺘﻘﺎء اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـــﺔ اﻷوﻋﻴـــﺔ أﻫـــﻢ أﺣـــﺪ ﻫـــﻲ اﻟﺘـــﺮاﺟﻢ ﻛﺘـــﺐ وﻋﻼ وﻣﻮاﻋﻈﻬﻢ، وﻛﺘـﺎب ﺑـﺎﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ، ﻗﺘﻬﻢ "اﻟﻨـﺒﻼء أﻋـﻼم ﺳـﻴﺮ " ﻋﻠـﻰ اﺷـﺘﻤﻠﺖ اﻟﺘـﻲ اﻟﻤـﺼﻨﻔﺎت أﺑـﺮز ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﻮ ﻫــﺬا ﺧــﻼل ﻣــﻦ ﻟﻠﻮﻋــﺎظ اﻟﺮﻓﻴﻌــﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴــﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧــﺔ إﺑــﺮاز اﻟﺒﺎﺣــﺚ ﺣــﺎول وﻗــﺪ اﻟﻮﻋــﺎظ، ﺗــﺮاﺟﻢ ﻣــﻦ ﻛﺜﻴــﺮ ﺑﺘﻘـﺪﻳﺮﻫﻢ، اﻟﺤﻜﺎم ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ اﻷﺛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻬﻢ وﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب، ﺣـﺎزه ﻣـﺎ وﻛـﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻬـﻢ، ﺗﻠﻴـﻖ ﺑﻤﻨﺎﺻـﺐ وﺗﻜﻠـﻴﻔﻬﻢ ﻛـﺎن وﻟﻘـﺪ اﻟﻨّـﺎس، ﻋﺎﻣـﺔ ﻟـﺪى اﻟﺨﺎﺻـﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧـﺔ إﻟـﻰ ﺑﺎﻹﺿـﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء، ﻋﻨـﺪ ﻋﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﺛﻘـﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻋﺎظ واﻟﻌﺎﻣــﺔ، واﻟﻌﻠﻤــﺎء اﻟﺤﻜــﺎم ﺛﻘــﺔ ﻛــﺴﺐ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻜﺒﻴــﺮ واﻟــﺪور اﻟﺒــﺎﻟﻎ، اﻷﺛــﺮ واﻟﺘﻌﺒــﺪي واﻟﺨﻠﻘــﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻤــﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻧــﺐ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻳﺰال ﻻ واﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﺒﺎب ﻫﺬا ﻓﻲ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺤﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻹﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﺪﻋﻮﻳﺔ واﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﻮث ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ إﻟﻰ . اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت:اﻟﻨﺒﻼء أﻋﻼم ﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﻋﻆ، اﻟﺪﻋﻮة، اﻟﻮاﻋﻆ، .

١٤٣ اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ اﻟﻌﺪد ﺷﻮال واﻷرﺑﻌﻮن ﻫـ٨٣٤١ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﷲ اﻟﺤﻤﺪ إن ، ﻧﺤﻤـﺪه ، وﻧـﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﻪ ، وﻧـﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮه ، وﻣـﻦ أﻧﻔـﺴﻨﺎ ﺷـﺮور ﻣـﻦ ﺑـﺎﷲ وﻧﻌـﻮذ أﻋﻤﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﺳﻴﺌﺎت . ﻟﻪ ﻣﻀﻞ ﻓﻼ اﷲ ﻳﻬﺪه ﻣﻦ ، ﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎدي ﻓـﻼ ﻳﻀﻠﻞ وﻣﻦ . اﷲ إﻻ إﻟـﻪ ﻻ أن وأﺷـﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻻ وﺣﺪه ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ، ﻋﺒﺪه ﻣﺤﻤﺪاً أن وأﺷﻬﺪ ، ﺑﻌﺪ أﻣﺎ : ﻓـﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻐـﺔ أﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﻮاﻋﻆ ﻓﺈن ﺗﻌـﺎﻟﻰ اﷲ إﻟـﻰ اﻟـﺪﻋﻮة ﻣﺠـﺎل ، أﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﻌـﺔ وأﻫﻤﻴﺘـﻪ اﻟﻜـﺮﻳﻢ اﻟﻘـﺮآن ﻧـﺼﻮص وﻓـﻲ اﻹﺳـﻼﻣﻴﺔ؛ اﻟـﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ وﻋِﻈﻢ اﻟﺤﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻋﻈﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨــﻰ ﻟﻬــﺬا ﻋﻈــﻴﻢ ﺗﺄﻛﻴــﺪ ﺗﻌــﺎﻟﻰ، ﻳﻘــﻮل: { v w x y z { }| ~  ¡ £¢ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ © ª ¬« ® ¯ ° z )١ ( وﺟــــﻞ ﻋــــﺰّ وﻳﻘــــﻮل { a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p z )٢ .( أوﻗـﺎت ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻜﺮام ﺻﺤﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ اﻟﻤﻮﻋﻈﺔ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺮ وﻗﺪ ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ، ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة وأﺣﻮال ، اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻫﺬه ﺑﻌﺪه ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻧﻬﺞ ﺛﻢ ، اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء وﻧﻘﻞ ﻣـــﺼﻨﻔﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻓـــﻲ اﻟـــﺴﻠﻒ ﻣـــﻮاﻋﻆ ، اﻷﺟـــﻼء اﻟﻌﻠﻤـــﺎء ﺑـــﻪ ﻣـــﻮﻛﻼً اﻟـــﻮﻋﻆ وﻛـــﺎن ، اﺑـــﻦ ﻗـــﺎل ياﻟﺠﻮز-اﷲ رﺣﻤﻪ:))-وﻓﻘﻬﺎء ﻋﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻋﺎظ ﻛﺎن)((٣ .( اﻟــﺪﻋﺎة ﺗــﺎرﻳﺦ ﻻﺳــﺘﻘﺎء اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴــﺔ اﻷوﻋﻴــﺔ أﻫــﻢ أﺣــﺪ ﻫــﻲ اﻟﺘــﺮاﺟﻢ ﻛﺘــﺐ ﻛﺎﻧــﺖ وﻟـــﻤﺎ ، وﻣﻮاﻋﻈﻬﻢ ﺗﺠﺎرﺑﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ واﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ، ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻮﻗﻮف اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎن ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ وﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﻢ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎت ﻫﺬه أﺑﺮز ، أن ﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ اﻟﻜﺘﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﺑﺔ ﻇﻬـﺮ ﻗـﺪ ﻣﺒﻜـﺮ وﻗـﺖ ﻣﻨـﺬ اﻹﺳـﻼﻣﻲ اﻟﺘـﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﻦ ، ﻳﻬـﺘﻢ ﻣـﺎ ﻓﻤﻨـﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ أﻧﻤـﺎط إﻟـﻰ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑـﺔ ﻣـﻦ اﻟﻨـﻮع ﻫـﺬا وﻳﻨﻘـﺴﻢ ١) (اﻵﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺤﻞ، ٥٢١ﺳﻮرة ٢) ( اﻵﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺴﺎء، ٣٦ﺳﻮرة )٣(د اﻟﺠﻮزي، ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﻔﺮج أﺑﻮ إﺑﻠﻴﺲ طﺗﻠﺒﻴﺲ ﺑﻴﺮوت، اﻟﻔﻜﺮ، ١ار ﻫـ،١٢٤١، ١٥١ص.

٢٤٣ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺧﻼل ﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﻮاﻋﻆ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﺔ "اﻟﻨﺒﻼء أﻋﻼم ﺳﻴﺮ"اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻓﻆ د.اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪاﷲ ﻓﺘــ ﻣﻌﻴﻨــﺔـﺑﺮﺟــﺎل ﺮة ﻣﻌــﻴﻦٍ، ﺑﻠــﺪٍ أو أ، ﺑﺘــﺮاﺟﻢ ﺧﺎﺻــﺎً ﻳﻜــﻮن ﻣــﺎ وﻣﻨــﻪ ﻣﻌــﻴﻦ ﻣــﺬﻫﺐ ﺻــﺤﺎب ، ﻣﻌﻴﻨــﺔ ﻣﺰﻳــﺔ أو ﺑــﺼﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻــﺎً ﻳﻜــﻮن ﻣــﺎ وﻣﻨــﻪ ، ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻨــﻮع ﻫــﺬا ﺗﻤﻴــﺰ وﻗــﺪ ﻟا ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗـــﺔ ﻜﺘــﺐ ، واﻻﻗﺘــﻀﺎب ، اﻟﻔﻮاﺋــﺪ؛ وﻏــﺰارة ﻟﻬــﺆﻻء اﻟﺬاﺗﻴــﺔ اﻟــﺴﻴﺮة ﻋــﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺤــﺪﻳﺚ أﺻــﺤﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻨــﻲ ﺣﻴــﺚ ذﻛﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺻﻔﺎﺗﻬﻢاﻟﺮﺟﺎل ، اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ وﻧﺰﻋﺘﻬﻢ ، وﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎﺗﻬﻢ ، وﻣﻮاﻋﻈﻬﻢ ، ﻣـﻊ وﻣﻮاﻗﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ، ﺗﻤﻴﺰوا ﻣﺎ وأﺑﺮز . ﺳـﻔ وﻫـﻮ اﻟﺒـﺎب ﻫـﺬا ﻓـﻲ اﻟﻤـﺼﻨﻔﺎت ﻫﺬه أﺑﺮز أﺣﺪ أﻃﺎﻟﻊ ﻛﻨﺖ وﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻟـﺬﻫﺒﻲ اﻹﻣـﺎم ﺮ ﺑـــ اﻟﻤﻮﺳـﻮم اﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ "اﻟﻨـﺒﻼء أﻋـﻼم ﺳـﻴﺮ "اﻟﻮﻋـﺎظ؛ ﻣـﻦ ﻟﻬـﻢ ﺗـﺮﺟﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﻛﺜـﺮة ﻧﻈـﺮي ﻟﻔـﺖ راﺋــﻊ إﺳــﻬﺎب ﻓﻴﻬــﺎ ﻇﻬــﺮ ﺗــﺮاﺟﻢ ، اﻟﺘــﻲ واﻟــﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴــﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴــﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴــﺎة وﺗــﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﺔ أوﻗﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻋﺎظ ﻋﺎﺷﻬﺎ ، اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ اﻟـﻮاﻋﻆ ﻣﻜﺎﻧـﺔ إﺑـﺮاز ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻓﻌﻘﺪتُ ، وﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻳﻠﺤﻆ اﻟﻴﻮم اﻟﻤﺘﺄﻣﻞ أن ، اﻟـﺪﻋﺎة ﻣﻜﺎﻧـﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ واﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻌﻠــــﻢ وﻃﻠﺒــــﺔ ﻳﻘــــﻮل، ﻣــــﻦ ﻧــــﺴﻤﻊ وﺻــــﺮﻧﺎ : " واﻋــــﻆ ﻫــــﻮ ﺑــــﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﻠــــﻢ ﺑﻄﺎﻟــــﺐ ﻟــــﻴﺲ ذاك ﻓﺤﺴﺐ !"اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺎن واﷲ ، ﺑـــ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ وﺳﻤﺖ وﻗﺪ " ﺧـﻼل ﻣـﻦ ﻟﻠـﻮاﻋﻆ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻼء أﻋﻼم ﺳﻴﺮ ﻛﺘﺎب ." إﻟﻰ ﻫﻨﺎ وأﺷﻴﺮ اﻟﻨـﺒﻼء أﻋـﻼم ﺳـﻴﺮ ﻛﺘـﺎب إﻟﻰ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﺳﺘﺘﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻫﺬه أن ، ﻓﻠـﻦ أﺧــﺮى ﻣﺮاﺟــﻊ اﻟﺒﺤــﺚ أﺻــﻞ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻘــﺎرئ ﻳﺠــﺪ ، ﻣﻘــﺪﻣﺎت ﺑﻌــﺾ ﻓــﻲ ﻳــﺴﻴﺮة إﺷــﺎرات ﺳــﻮى اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ، ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺮط ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ وذﻟﻚ . اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ : ١ -اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﺔ :ﻓ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻳﺤﺘﻠﻪ اﻟﺬي اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ اﻟﺬي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻪ ﻲ واﻟﺤﻜﺎم واﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻷﻓﺮاد ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ، ﺑﻬﺎ ﻳﺤﻈﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ واﻟﺤﻔﺎوة اﻻﺣﺘﺮام ودرﺟﺔ) ١ .( ١)( اﻧﻈـــﺮ :ﺑﻴـــﺮوت،ط ﻟﺒﻨـــﺎن، ﻣﻜﺘﺒـــﺔ ﺑـــﺪوي، زﻛـــﻲ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ،أﺣﻤـــﺪ اﻟﻌﻠـــﻮم ﻣـــﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ٥ﻣﻌﺠـــﻢ ، ٨٧٩١ م ٦٥ص .

٣٤٣ اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ اﻟﻌﺪد ﺷﻮال واﻷرﺑﻌﻮن ﻫـ٨٣٤١ ٢-اﻟـــﻮاﻋﻆ :اﻟﻤﻘﺮوﻧـــﺔ واﻟﻨـــﻮاﻫﻲ ﺑـــﺎﻷواﻣﺮ وﺗـــﺬﻛﻴﺮﻫﻢ اﻟﻨـــﺎس ﺑﻨـــﺼﺢ ﻳﻘـــﻮم ﻣـــﻦ ﻫـــﻮ واﻟﺘـﺮﻫﻴﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺘــﺮﻏﻴﺐ اﻟﻘﻠﻮب، ﺗﺮﻗﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ واﻟﻌﺒﺮ واﻟﻌﻈﺎت ، اﻟﻨﻔﻮس وﺗُـﻬﺬب) ١ .( ٣ -اﻟﻜﺘ أﻣّﺎ ﻓﻬﻮ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺎب"اﻟﻨﺒﻼء أﻋﻼم ﺳﻴﺮ)"٢ (، ﻓـﻲ ﺻُـﻨّﻒ ﻣـﺎ أﻧﻔـﺲ ﻣﻦ وﻫﻮ اﻟﺮﺟـﺎل ﺗﺮاﺟﻢ ، ﻛﺘﺎﺑـﻪ ﺑﻌـﺪ اﻟـﺬﻫﺒﻲ اﻟﺤـﺎﻓﻆ ﻛﺘـﺐ أﺿـﺨﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﻮ ﺑـﻞ " اﻹﺳـﻼم ﺗـﺎرﻳﺦ "، إذ ﻗﺮون ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻓﻲ وﻣﺸﺎﻫﻴﺮ ﻷﻋﻼم ﺗﺮاﺟﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻤﻞ . ﻃﺒﻌﺎت ﻋﺪة ﻣﻄﺒﻮع واﻟﻜﺘﺎب ، ا ﺷـﻌﻴﺐ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻗﺎم ﻣﺎ أﺟﻮدﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻷرﻧـﺆوط وآﺧــﺮون)٣ (، ﻣﺠﻠــﺪاً ﻋــﺸﺮ أرﺑﻌــﺔ ﻓــﻲ وﻫــﻲ ، اﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳــﺔ ﻟﻠــﺴﻴﺮة واﻟﺜــﺎﻧﻲ اﻷول اﻟﻤﺠﻠــﺪﻳﻦ أﻓــﺮد ، اﻟﺮاﺷﺪﻳﻦ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﺎء وﺳﻴﺮة . ﺟﺎﺳﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻤﺪ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻗﺎل -اﷲ رﺣﻤﻪ :))-ﻛﺘـﺎب أﻫـﻢ ﻫـﻮ اﻟﻜﺘـﺎب ﻫـﺬا ﺑـﺄنّ ﻗﻴـﻞ وﻟﻮ اﻟﻘﻮل ﻫﺬا ﻓﻲ ﻛﺎن ﻟﻤﺎ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﻮام ﻫﺬه ﻓﻲ ﻧﺸﺮه ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔﺗﻢ)((٤ .( ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ أﻣّﺎ :اﻟﺤـﺎﻓﻆ اﻹﻣـﺎم ﻓﻬـﻮ ، اﻟﻨﺎﻗـﺪ واﻟﻤﺤـﺪث ، اﻹﺳـﻼم ﻣـﺆرخ ، اﻟﺘـﺼﺎﻧﻴﻒ ﺻـﺎﺣﺐ اﻟــﺸﻬﻴﺮة ، ﻋﺒــﺪاﷲ ﺑــﻦ ﻗﺎﻳﻤــﺎز ﺑــﻦ ﻋﺜﻤــﺎن ﺑــﻦ أﺣﻤــﺪ ﺑــﻦ ﻣﺤﻤــﺪ أﺑﻮﻋﺒــﺪاﷲ اﻟــﺪﻳﻦ ﺷــﻤﺲ اﻷﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻤﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ، اﻟﺪﻣﺸﻘﻲ ﺛﻢ ﺳﻨﺔ، اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﻰ ٤٨٧ ﻫـ)٥ .( ١)( اﻧﻈﺮ :ﻗـﻴﻢ اﺑـﻦ اﻟﺰرﻋـﻲ أﻳـﻮب ﺑﻜـﺮ أﺑـﻲ ﺑـﻦ ﻣﺤﻤـﺪ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻴﻦ، وإﻳﺎك ﻧﻌﺒﺪ إﻳﺎك ﻣﻨﺎزل ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻜﻴﻦ ﻣﺪارج اﻟﻌﺮﺑــ اﻟﻜﺘــﺎب دار أﺑﻮﻋﺒــﺪاﷲ، اﻟﺠﻮزﻳــﺔ ط ﺑﻴــﺮوت، ٢ﻲ، ٣٩٣١، اﻟﻔﻘــﻲ ﺣﺎﻣــﺪ ﻣﺤﻤــﺪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴــﻖ ﻫـــ،)٣/٧٥١ (، ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ، اﻟﺘﻮﻧﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺪار ﻋﺎﺷﻮر، ﺑﻦ اﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ واﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﺮ، ٤٨٩١واﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ م)٤١/٠٦٢.( ٢) ( ﺑﻌـﺾ أﻃﻠﻘﻬـﺎ ﻋﻨـﺎوﻳﻦ ﻋـﺪّة ورد ﻛـﺎن اﺷـﺘﻬﺮ،وإن وﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻄﻮﻃﺎﺗﻪ، دﻳﺒﺎﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﺳﻢ ﻫﻮ ﻫﺬا ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﻴﻦ "اﻟﻨـﺒﻼ اﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎء ءﺗﺎرﻳﺦ"و "اﻟﻨـﺒﻼء ﺳـﻴﺮ"و "اﻟﻨـﺒﻼء ﺗـﺎرﻳﺦ " اﻧﻈـﺮ :اﻟﻜﺒﺮى،ﺗـﺎج اﻟـﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻃﺒﻘـﺎت د اﻟـﺴﺒﻜﻲ،ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ .اﻟـﺪﻣﺎم،ط ﻫﺠـﺮ، اﻟﻄﻨـﺎﺣﻲ،دار ٢ﻣﺤﻤـﻮد ٣١٤١، ﻫـــ)٩/٤٠١ (اﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎت،ﻣﺤﻤـﺪ ﻓـﻮات ﺻـﺎدر،ﺑﻴﺮوت،ط ﻋﺒـﺎس،دار إﺣﺴﺎن اﻟﻜﺘﺒﻲ،ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺷﺎﻛﺮ ١ﺑﻦ ٣٧٩١، م)٣/٦١٣ ( ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎت،ﺻـﻼح اﻟـﻮاﻓﻲ إﺣ اﻟﺼﻔﺪي،دار اﻟﺘﺮاث،ﺑﻴﺮوت،طاﻟﺪﻳﻦ ٢ﻴﺎء ﻫـــ٠٢٤١،)٢/٣٦١ ( ٣) ( ﻋــﺎم اﻟﺘﺎﺳــﻌﺔ، اﻟﻄﺒﻌــﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻋﻤﻠــﻲ ﻓــﻲ اﻋﺘﻤــﺪت ﻃﺒﻌــﺎت، ﻋــﺪة ﺑﺒﻴــﺮوت اﻟﺮﺳــﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺆﺳــﺴﺔ ﻃﺒﻌﺘــﻪ وﻗــﺪ ﻫــــ٣١٤١ ٤) ( ﻋﺎم أﻳﻠﻮل، اﻟﻌﺮب،ﻋﺪد ص٥٨٩١ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ٥٧م، ٥)( ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺘــﻪ ﻣــﺼﺎدر اﻧﻈــﺮ:ط اﻟﻄــﺎﺋﻒ، اﻟــﺼﺪﻳﻖ، اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺐ،ﻣﻜﺘﺒــﺔ ﻣﺤﻤــﺪ ﻟــﻪ،ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟــﺸﻴﻮخ ١ﻣﻌﺠــﻢ ٨٠٤١، ﻫـــ، )١/١٢ (ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻓﻴــﺎت واﻟــﻮاﻓﻲ)٢/٣٦١ (اﻟﻜﺒــﺮى اﻟــﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ وﻃﺒﻘــﺎت)٩/٠٠١ ( وﻛﺘــﺎب "اﻟــﺪﻳﻦ ﺷــﻤﺲ اﻟﺤــﺎﻓﻆ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ"ﺑﻴﺮوت،ط اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ، اﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺷﻴﻤﺴﺎﻧﻲ،دار ﺣﺴﻦ ١ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮر م٠٩٩١، .

٤٤٣ ﻛﺘﺎب ﺧﻼل ﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﻮاﻋﻆ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﺔ "اﻟﻨﺒﻼء أﻋﻼم ﺳﻴﺮ"اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻓﻆ د.اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ إﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪاﷲ اﻟ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻤﺎ وﺻﻔﺎً أدق أﺟﺪ ﺼﻔﺪيﻟﻢ -اﷲ رﺣﻤﻪ :))-اﻟﺤـﺎﻓﻆ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻹﻣﺎم اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ أﺑﻮﻋﺒﺪاﷲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﻤﺲ ، ﻳُﺠﺎرى ﻻ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ، ﻳُﺒـﺎرى ﻻ وﻻﻓـﻆ ، ورﺟﺎﻟـﻪ اﻟﺤـﺪﻳﺚ أﺗﻘـﻦ ، وأﺣﻮاﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻠﻪ وﻧﻈﺮ ، اﻟﻨـﺎس ﺗـﺮاﺟﻢ وﻋﺮف ، واﻹﻟﺒـﺎس ﺗـﻮارﻳﺨﻬﻢ ﻓـﻲ اﻹﺑﻬـﺎم وأزال ، ذﻫـﻦ ذﻛﺎؤه ﻳﺘﻮﻗﺪ)((١ .( اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺳﺒﺐ : أوﻻً:ﺑﻠﻐﻮاﻛ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻮﻋﺎظ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺜﺮة)٠٢١(واﻋﻈﺎً . ﺛﺎﻧﻴــﺎً :ﺗــﺮاﺟﻢ ﻟﻨــﺎ ﻗــﺪﻣﺖ اﻟﺘــﻲ اﻷﺻــﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤــﺼﺎدر أﺑــﺮز ﻣــﻦ ﻫــﻮ إذ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴــﺔ؛ اﻟﻜﺘــﺎب ﻣﻜﺎﻧــﺔ اﻟــﺴﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻤــﺎء ، ﻓــﻀﻠﻬﻢ وذﻛــﺮ ، ﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔــﺎﺗﻬﻢ وﺑﻴــﺎن ، أﻛﺜــﺮ ﻣــﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴــﺔ ﻣﺎدﺗــﻪ ﺟﻤــﻊ وﻗــﺪ ﻣﻦ"٠٥٢"ﻣﻮرداً . ﺛﺎﻟﺜــﺎً :ﺗﻌﻠ ﻣــﻦ اﻟــﺬﻫﺒﻲ اﻟﺤــﺎﻓﻆ ﺑــﻪ اﺷــﺘﻬﺮ ﻣــﺎ وﺗﺤــﺮي ﺑﺎﻹﻧــﺼﺎف اﺗــﺴﻤﺖ رﺻــﻴﻨﺔ ﻴﻘــﺎت اﻟﻌﺪل ﻳﻮردﻫﺎ، اﻟﺘﻲ واﻵﺛﺎر اﻷﺧﺒﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﻘﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ وﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ . راﺑﻌﺎً :اﻷﺧـﺮى اﻟﺘﺮاﺟﻢ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺗﺠﺪه أن ﻧﺎدر ﺷﻤﻮل اﻟﻜﺘﺎب؛وﻫﻮ ﺷﻤﻮﻟﻴﺔ ، ﻓﺠـﻞّ ﻣﺜـــﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻨـــﺔ ﺑﻤﺪﻳﻨـــﺔ ﺗﺨـــﺘﺺ أن إﻣّـــﺎ اﻟﺮﺟـــﺎل ﻛﺘـــﺐ ﻓـــﻲ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔـــﺎت"ﺑﻐـــﺪاد ﺗـــﺎرﻳﺦ "ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻴـــﺐ اﻟﺒﻐﺪادي ، ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺤﺪدة زﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﻘﺒﺔ ﺗﺨﺘﺺ أو "اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨـﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺋـﺔ أﻋﻴـﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﺪرر "ﻻﺑـﻦ اﻟﻌــﺴﻘﻼﻧﻲ ﺣﺠــﺮ ، ﻣﺜــﻞ ﻣﻌــﻴﻦ ﻓــﻦ أو ﺑﻤــﺬﻫﺐ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻬــﺎ ﻧﻄــﺎق ﺗﺤــﺪد أو" اﻟــﺸﺎﻓﻌﻴﺔ ﻃﺒﻘــﺎت" ﻟﻠــﺴﺒﻜﻲ ، أو " اﻟﻤﻔــﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻘــﺎت" ﻟﻠــﺴﻴﻮﻃﻲ ، اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴــﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴــﺔ ﻓﻤــﻦ اﻟــﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﺘــﺎب أﻣّــﺎ اﻹﺳـﻼ اﻟﻌـﺎﻟﻢ ﻣـﺪن ﻟﻜﺎﻓـﺔ ﺗﺮاﺟﻢ ﺷﻤﻞ اﻟﻤـﺸﺮق أﻗـﺼﻰ إﻟـﻰ اﻟﻤﻐـﺮب أﻗـﺼﻰ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﻲ ، وﻫـﻮ ﻗــﺮون ﺳــﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺒــﺮ ﻷﻋــﻼم ﺗــﺮﺟﻢ ﻓﻘــﺪ اﻟﺰﻣﺎﻧﻴــﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴــﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ، اﻟﻜﺘــﺎب ﻓــﻲ أن ﻛﻤــﺎ اﻷﻋــﻼم ﻣــﻦ ﻣﻌــﻴﻦ ﻧــﻮع ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻳﻘﺘــﺼﺮ ﻟــﻢ ﻓﻬــﻮ ﻟﻬــﻢ اﻟــــﻤُﺘﺮﺟﻢ اﻷﻋــﻼم ﻓــﻲ ﺷــﻤﻮﻟﻴﺔ ، ﺑــﻞ ١)( ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎت اﻟﻮاﻓﻲ)٢/٣٦١(