الخلافات النحوية بين قراءتي أبي عمرو والكسائي

ﺕﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﻨﺤﺎة، أﻥﺒﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮواة إﻥﺒﺎﻩ : إﺑ اﻟﻔﻀ أﺑ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ –ﻣﻄﺒﻌ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻱﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ دار –اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة – ٤٧٣١ هـ –م٥٥٩١ . -ﻣﺎﻟﻚ اﺑﻦ) ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻦ اﻟﺪﻱﻦ ﺟﻤﺎل ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪاﷲ أﺑﻮ (: ﻟﻪ وﻗﺪم ﺡﻘﻘﻪ اﻟﺸﺎﻓﻴﺔ، اﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺷﺮح : هﺮﻱﺪي أﺡﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻤﻨﻌﻢ –أم ﺟﺎﻣﻌ اﻟﻘﺮي –ﻟﻠﺘﺮاث اﻟﻤﺄﻣﻮن دار – اﻷوﻟﻲ اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ – ٢٠٤١ هـ –م٢٨٩١ . : ﺕﺤﻘﻴ اﻟﻼﻓﻆ، وﻋﺪّة اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻤﺪة ﺷﺮح : اﻟ ﻋﺒ ﻋ –اﻟﻌﺎﻥﻲ ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ – ﺑﻐﺪاد – م٧٧٩١ . -اﻟﻤﺒﺮد) ﻱﺰﻱﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎس أﺑﻮ (: اﻟﻤﻌﺎرف ﻣﺆﺱﺴﺔ واﻷدب، اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ –ﺑﻴﺮوت – م٥٨٩١ . -ﻋﻀﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺨﺎﻟﻖ ﻡﺤﻤﺪ: اﻟﻜﺮﻱﻢ اﻟﻘﺮﺁن ﻷﺱﻠﻮب دراﺱﺎت–اﻟﺤ دار ﺪﻱﺚ –اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة– ﺕﺎرﻱﺦ ﺑﺪون . -اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﻲ ﺻﺎدق ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ : ﺑﻤﺼﺮ اﻷﺥﺒﺎر ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﺮب، ﺁداب ٢٩٣١ﺕﺎرﻱﺦ هـ –م١١٩١ . -ﻃﺎﻟﺐ أﺑﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻜﻲ) اﻟﻘﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ أﺑﻮ (: ﺕﺤﻘﻴ وﺡﺠﺠﻬ وﻋﻠﻠﻬ اﻟﻘ وﺟ ﻋ اﻟﻜﺸ : اﻟ ﻣﺤ رﻣﻀﺎن –اﻟﺮﺱﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺆﺱﺴﺔ – ﺑﻴﺮوت – اﻟﺜﺎﻥﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ – م١٨٩١ . -ﻡﻨﻈﻮر اﺑﻦ ) ﻡﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺪﻱﻦ ﺟﻤﺎل اﻟﻔﻀﻞ أﺑﻮ ﻡﻜﺮم ﺑﻦ(: واﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻴﺮوت دار واﻟﻨﺸﺮ، ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺻﺎدر دار اﻟﻌﺮب، ﻟﺴﺎن – اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺱﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺮآﺔ ﺕﻮزﻱﻊ–ﺕﺎرﻱﺦ ﺑﺪون . -اﻟﺠﻌﺪي اﻟﻨﺎﺑﻐﺔ) ﻋﺒﺪاﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ (: ﺕﺤﻘﻴﻖ دﻱﻮاﻥﻪ، : اﻹﺱﻼﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ رﺑﺎح، ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻌﺰﻱﺰ –ﺑﻴ –اﻟﻄﺒﻌ اﻷوﻟﻲ –م٤٦٩١ . -اﻟﺬﺑﻴﺎﻥﻲ اﻟﻨﺎﺑﻐﺔ) ﻣﻌﺎوﻱﺔ ﺑﻦ زﻱﺎد (: ﺕﺤﻘﻴ دﻱﻮاﻥ : إﺑ اﻟﻔﻀ أﺑ ﻣﺤﻤ –ﺑﻤﺼ اﻟﻤﻌ دار – م٧٩٩١ . -اﻟﻨﺤﺎس) ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﺡﻤﺪ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ أﺑﻮ (: ﺕﺤﻘﻴ اﻟﻘ إﻋ : اﻟﻜﺘ ﻋ ﻏ زهﻴ –اﻟﻨﻬﻀ ﻣﻜﺘﺒ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ –اﻟﺜﺎﻥﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ – م٥٨٩١ . -هﺸﺎم اﺑﻦ) ﻱﻮﺱﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪاﷲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ أﺑﻮ (: ﺕﺤﻘﻴ اﻷﻋﺎرﻱ آﺘ ﻋ اﻟﻠﺒﻴ ﻣﻐﻨ : اﻟﻔ –اﻟﺠﻴ دار – ﺑﻴﺮوت –م١٩٩١ . : ﺕﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺬهﺐ، ﺷﺬور: ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﻤﻴﺪ اﻟﺪﻱﻦ ﻣﺤﻲ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ .

ﺕﺤﻘﻴ ﻣﺎﻟ اﺑ أﻟﻔﻴ إﻟ اﻟﻤﺴ أوﺽ : اﻟ ﻣﺤ ﻣﺤﻤ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﻤﻴﺪ –اﻟﺴﻌﺎدة ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ– ﻣ ﺼﺮ –م٩٤٩١ . -ﻱﻌﻴﺶ اﺑﻦ) ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻱﻌﻴﺶ اﻟﺪﻱﻦ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ (: اﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ، ﺷﺮح –ﺑﻴﺮوت– ﺕﺎرﻱﺦ ﺑﺪون .

ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ واﻟﻜﺴ ﻋﻤ أﺑ ﻗ ﺑ اﻟﻨﺤﻮﻱ اﻻﺥﺘﻼﻓ ﻋ اﻟﺒﺤ هﺬا ﻱﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣ إﻟ ﺑﺎﻹﺽ ﻣﺒﺤﺜ ﻋﺸ ﺙﻤﺎﻥﻴ ﺽ ﻓﺼ ﺙﻼﺙ ﻋﻠ اﺡﺘ وﻗ واﻟﺨﺎ واﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊواﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ، اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺙﻢ ﺕﻤﺔ . اﻟﺼ اﻟﻘ ﺷ ﻓﺒﻴّﻨﺖ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل، ﻓﻲ أﺕﻨﺎوﻟﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺕﻨﺎوﻟﺖ اﻟﻠﺤ ﻟﻘﻀ ﺕﻌﺮﺽ آﻤ اﻟﻌﻠﻤ ﻋﻨ وﻣﻌﻨ اﻟﺴ اﻷﺡﺮف ﻟﺤﺪﻱﺚ وﺕﻌﺮﺽﺖ اﻟﻘﺮاءات ﻓﻲ . ﺑ اﻟ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻼﻓ ﻣﻨﻬ اﻷول اﻟﻔﺼ ﻱﺨ ﺙﻼﺙ ﻓﻬ اﻟﻔﺼ أﻣ اﻟﻘﺮا ﻓﻲ اﻷوﻟﻲ اﻟﺜﻼﺙﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺡﺚ اﻋﺘﻤﺪتْ ﻣﺒﺎﺡﺚ، ﺱﺘﺔ ﺽﻢّ وﻗﺪ اﻷﺱﻤﺎء، ﺑﺎب ﻓﻲ ءﺕﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﻔ إﻟ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ وﻣﻦ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﻨﺼﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﺮآﺎت، ﻋﻠﻰ ﺕﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻘ اﻷﺥ اﻟﺜﻼﺙ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺡ أﻣﺎ ﺙﺎﻟﺚ، ﻣﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺨﻔﺾ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺼﺐ وﻣﻦ ﺁﺥﺮ، ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺱ ﻣ ﺕﺤ ﺕﻨ ﻻ اﻟﺘ اﻟﺤ ﺽ وه : واﻹﺽ اﻟﺘﻨ ﻣﺒﺤ واﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻹﻓﺮاد ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺙﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﺮف وﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﺮف وﻣﺒﺤﺚ . اﻟﻘ ﺑ اﻟﺨﻼﻓ ﻓﻲ وردت اﻟﺘﻲ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻋﻦ ﻓﻴﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﺜﺎﻥﻲ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ أﻣﺎ أو أﺱ ﻣ ﺑ ﻱﺤﻴﻂ وﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺽﺒﻂ ﻓﻲ ﻥﺤﻮيّ ﺕﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻼف هﺬا ﻋﻦ ﻱﻨﺘﺞ وﻣﺎ اﻹﻋ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاﺽﻌﻬﺎ ﺕﻐﻴﺮ أو ﺮابﺽﻤﺎﺋﺮ، . ه ﻣﺒﺎﺡ ﺱ ﻓ ذﻟ ﺟ وﻗ : واﻟﻤﺒﺤ اﻟﻔﻌ إﻋ ﻓ اﻟﺨ واﻟﻤﺒﺤ واﻟﻤﻌﻠ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬ اﻟﺒﻨ ﺡﻴ ﻣ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻼف ﻋﻦ ﻱﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﺜﺎﻥﻲ ﺑ اﻟﻔﻌ ﺻ ﺕﻐﻴ ﻓ اﻟﺮاﺑ واﻟﻤﺒﺤ واﻟﻠ اﻟﺘﻌ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﻼف ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ و ﻟﻺﺱ وﺥﺮوﺟ واﻷﻣ واﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺎﺽﻲ ﺑ اﻟﺨ ﻓ اﻟﺨ اﻟﻤﺒﺤ ﻓ اﻟﺨ ﻋ ﻱﺘﺤ اﻟﺴ واﻟﻤﺒﺤ واﻟﺘﺄﻥﻴ اﻟﺘ"آ " اﻟﺘﻤ ﺑ ﺑﺎﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﻥﺔ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻴﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﻔﺼﻞ هﺬا ﻓﻲ اﻷﺥﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ أﻣﺎ واﻟﻨﻘﺺ، . اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺡ هﺬﻩ أول ﻣﺒﺎﺡﺚ، ﺥﻤﺴﺔ ﺽﻢ وﻗﺪ اﻟﺤﺮوف، ﻓﺼﻞ هﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋ ﻱﺘﺤ)إنّ ( وأﺡﻮ ﺕﺨﻔﻴﻔﻬ ﺡﻴ وﻣ وﻓﺘﺤﻬ هﻤﺰﺕﻬ آﺴ ﺡﻴ ﻣ اﻟﻬ وﺕﺸﺪﻱﺪهﺎ . ﻣﻦ وﺕﺨﻔﻴﻔﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﻮن ﺕﺸﺪﻱﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻴﺘﺤﺪث اﻟﺜﺎﻥﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ أﻣﺎ)ﻟﻜﻦ (. ذﻟﻚ وأﺙﺮ إﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬ ﻓ . ﻋ اﻟﺜﺎﻟ اﻟﻤﺒﺤ وﻱﺘﺤ)ﻻ ( و اﻟﻨﺎﻓﻴ)ﻻ ( ﻋﻤ اﻟﻌﺎﻣ)ﻟ(. واﻟﺰواﺋ اﻹﺽ ﻱ ﻋ اﻟﺮاﺑ اﻟﻤﺒﺤ وﻱﺘﺤ . وهﻨ ﻓﻴﻬ ﺡ ﻣﻮاﺽ ﺡ إﻟ اﻟﺤ ﻓﻴﻬ ﺕﻐﻴ أﺥ ﻣﻮاﺽ وهﻨ اﻟﻘ إﺡ ﻓ اﻟﺤ ﺑﻌﻨﻮان ﻣﺒﺤﺜﺎً اﻟﻤﻮاﺽﻊ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﻓﺄﻓﺮدت ﺁﺥﺮ، )أﺥ ﺡﺎﻻت ( ﻓ اﻷﺥﻴ اﻟﻤﺒﺤ وه اﻟﻔﺼﻞ هﺬا . ﺙ اﻟﺜﻼﺙ اﻟﻔﺼ وه اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴ ﻓ ﺟ ﻣ ﺥﻼﺻ ﺽ ﻓﻘ اﻟﺨﺎﺕﻤ أﻣ واﻟﻤﺮاﺟ اﻟﻤﺼ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﺤ ه ﻓ ﺑﻬ اﺱ اﻟﺘ اﻟﻜﺘ ﺡ وﻗ . ه اﻟﺒﺤﺚ هﺬا ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎء ﻟﻤﺎ ﺱﺮﻱﻌﺔ إﻟﻤﺎﻣﺔ .

ABSTRACT The research handles the grammatic variations between the readings of Abi Amr and El-Kissaie. It contains three chapters which are divided into (18) sections, in addition to the introduction, prelude and conc lusion; together with references and bibliographies. The prelude include that which is not cont ained in the chapters. It exposed the terms and conditions of good reading and di scussed the matters pertaining to the seven letters, the significance of same with the ‘ulema’ and the problem of defoult in reading of the Holy Koran. Chapter one dealt with the variations in the two readings as far as nouns are concerned. It contained six sections. The first three were divided according to vowels; (i.e. changes from the nominative to accusative, from the nominative to the lowering case and the third section from th e accusative to the lowering). The other three sections included the cases which are not investigated in the above-mentioned. These are numeration and annexation, the tr iptote and non-triptote and the singular and plural. Chapter two talks about the verbs whic h were mentioned in the differences between the two readings and the conseque nces of such differences, such as; the grammatic changes in the adjustment of verbs and the nouns and pronouns which surround such verb, or changes of their positi on in parsing. Thus, it is divided into seven sections which covered the differences in the inflection of the verb in the first section. The second section handled the di fferences between the passive verb and active verb. The third discussed the diffe rences between the active verb and the complete verb. Section four discussed the changes in the form of the verb between, the past, present and the imperative verb and its change to noun. The fifth section deals with the differences between mosculin ity and femininity. Section six covered the difference of (Kana) betw een the complete and the deficient. The last section talked about the pronouns connected with verbs. Chapter three is about articles. It cont ained five sections. The first section dealt with the (Article Ann) and its positions as far as vowel point for (I) (kasra) and glottal stop (hamza) and its nominative position (Fatha) and its lowering and stress (Shadda). The second section is about the stress of the (noon) and its lowering from (lakin) and the imbact of its behaviour in the sentence. The third section dealt with

(la’) (the article of negation) and the (la ’) which takes the place of (Laysa). The fourth section talks about the letters (ya ’) of the addition and excess; as there are situations in which the (ya’) was omitted in one of the two readings; while there are others in which it changed to another letter. Therefore, a separate section for the situations is written under the title “other cases” and which is the last section in the chapter. The conclusion contained the summary from beginning to end; and the references, bibliography and the books consulted.