تأثيرات الإباحية على الدماغ

130 تأثيرات الإباحية على الدماغ [91] Martin Werme et al., «DeltaFosB Regulates Wheel Running,» The Journal of Neuroscience 228138-8133 :)2002( 18/. [92] Eric J. Nestler, «Transcriptional mechanisms of addiction: role of ΔFosB,» Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 36332453255 :)2008( 1507/, doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0067. [93] Jaehoon Jeong, et al., «Cdk5 Phosphorylates Dopamine D2 Receptor and Attenuates Downstream Signaling,» PLOS One )2013(, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084482. [94] Y. Goto, S. Otani, A.A. Grace, «The Yin and Yang of dopamine release: a new perspective,» Neuropharmacology 53 5/ 587-583 :)2007(. [95] Hannah Hames and Sean O>Shea, «Porn causing erectile dysfunction in young men,» Global News, March 30, 2014, http:// globalnews.ca/news/1232726/porn-causing-erectile-dysfunction- in-young-men. [96] Elizabeth E. Steinberg et al., «A causal link between prediction errors, dopamine neurons and learning,» Nature Neuroscience 16 )2013(: 966–973, doi:10.1038/nn.3413. [97] Adriana Galvan, et al., «Earlier Development of the Accumbens Relative to Orbitofrontal Cortex Might Underlie

131 تأثيرات الإباحية على الدماغ RiskTaking Behavior in Adolescents,» Journal of Neuroscience 2625/ 6892-6885 :)2006(, doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.106206.2006-. [98] University of Pittsburg, «Teen brains over-process rewards, suggesting root of risky behavior, mental ills,» Phys.org, January 6, 2011, http://phys.org/news/201101--teen-brains-over-process- rewards-root.html. [99] Eric J. Nestler, «Transcriptional mechanisms of addiction: role of DeltaFosB,» Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 3633255-3245 :)2008( 1507/, doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0067. [100] B.J. Casey and R.M. Jones, «Neurobiology of the adolescent brain and behavior: implications for substance use disorders,» J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49 1201-1189 :)2010( 12/, doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.017. [101] C.L. Sisk and J. L. Zehr, «Pubertal hormones organize the adolescent brain and behavior,» Front Neuroendocrinol 264-3/ 174-163 :)2005(. [102] Tamara L. Doremus-Fitzwater, Elena I. Varlinskaya, Linda P . Spear, «Motivational systems in adolescence: Possible implications for age differences in substance abuse and other risk-

132 تأثيرات الإباحية على الدماغ taking behaviors,» Brain Cogn 72123-114 :)2010( 1/, doi: 10.1016/j. bandc.2009.08.008. [103] Lawrence T. Lam and Zi-Wen Peng, «Effect of Pathological Use of the Internet on Adolescent Mental Health: A Prospective Study,» Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 164 906-901 :)2010( 10/, doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.159. [104] Guangheng Dong, Qilin Lu, Hui Zhou and Xuan Zhao, «Precursor or Sequela: Pathological Disorders in People with Internet Addiction Disorder,» )2011( DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.0014703. [105] I. H. Lin, et al., «The association between suicidality and Internet addiction and activities in Taiwanese adolescents,» Compr Psychiatry 55 510-504 :)2014( 3/, doi: 10.1016/j. comppsych.2013.11.012. [106] A. C. Huang, H. E. Chen, Y. C. Wang, L. M. Wang, «Internet abusers associate with a depressive state but not a depressive trait,» 68205-197 :)2014( 3/, doi: 10.1111/pcn.12124. [107] C.H. Ko, et al., «The exacerbation of depression, hostility, and social anxiety in the course of Internet addiction among adolescents: A prospective study» Compr Psychiatry )2014( doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.05.003.

133 تأثيرات الإباحية على الدماغ [108] Ine Beyers, Laura Vandebosch and Steven Eggermont, «Early Adolescent Boys> exposure to Internet pornography: Relationships to pubertal timing, sensation seeking, and academic performance» Journal of Early Adolescence )in press(, https://lirias. kuleuven.be/handle/123456789458526/. [109] F . Giuliano, J. Allard, «Dopamine and male sexual function,» Eur Urol 40608-601 :)2001( 6/. [110] M.R. Melis, A. Argiolas, «Central control of penile erection: a re-visitation of the role of oxytocin and its interaction with dopamine and glutamic acid in male rats,» Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35955-939 :)2011( 3/. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.10.014. [111] N. Cera, et al., «Macrostructural alterations of subcortical grey matter in psychogenic erectile dysfunction,» PLoS One 72012(,6/(, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039118. [112] Simone Kühn and Jürgen Gallinat, «Brain Structure and Functional Connectivity Associated With Pornography Consumption: The Brain on Porn,» JAMA Psychiatry )2014(, doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.93. [113] Kyle K. Pitchers, et al., «DeltaFosB in the nucleus accumbens is critical for reinforcing effects of sexual reward,»

134 تأثيرات الإباحية على الدماغ Genes Brain Behav 9 840-831 :)2010( 7/, doi: 10.1111/j.1601 - 183X.2010.00621.x. [114] Elaine M. Hull, «Sex, Drugs and Gluttony: How the Brain Controls Motivated Behaviors,» Physiol Behav 104)1( )2011(: 173- 177, doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.04.057. [115] A. R. Oliveira, et al., «Conditioned fear is modulated by D2 receptor pathway connecting the ventral tegmental area and basolateral amygdala,» 95)1( )2011(: 3745-, doi: 10.1016/j. nlm.2010.10.005. [116] Marijke Vroomen Durning, «PET Scans Link Low Dopamine Levels and Aggression,» Diagnostic Imaging, June 12, 2012, http://www.diagnosticimaging.com/nuclear-imaging/pet- scans-link-low-dopamine-levels-and-aggression. [117] Nora D. Volkow, et al., «Evaluating Dopamine Reward Pathway in ADHD,» JAMA 302(10) 2010: 10841091-, doi: 10.1001/ jama.2009.1308. [118] P . Trifilieff, et al., «Increasing dopamine D2 receptor expression in the adult nucleus accumbens enhances motivation,» Mol Psychiatry 18)9( )2013(: 10251033-, doi: 10.1038/mp.2013.57.

135 تأثيرات الإباحية على الدماغ [119] N. D. Volkow, et al., «Motivation deficit in ADHD is associated with dysfunction of the dopamine reward pathway,» Mol Psychiatry 16)11( )2011(: 11471154-, doi: 10.1038/mp.2010.97. [120] Donald S. Robinson, «The Role of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in Depression,» Primary Psychiatry, May 1, 2007, http://primarypsychiatry.com/the-role-of-dopamine-and- norepinephrine-in-depression. [121] Lieuwe de Haan, et al., «Subjective Experiences During Dopamine Depletion,» The American Journal of Psychiatry 162 )2005(:17551755-, doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.9.1755. [122] S. H. Kim et al., «Reduced striatal dopamine D2 receptors in people with Internet addiction,» Neuroreport 22)8( )2011(: 407- 411, doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328346e16e. [123] Paul M. Johnson and Paul Kenny, Nat Neurosci 13)5( )2010(: 653641-, doi: 10.1038/nn.2519 PMCID: PMC2947358. [124] Eric Stice, Sonja Yokum, Kenneth Blum and Cara Bohon, «Weight Gain Is Associated with Reduced Striatal Response to Palatable Food,» The Journal of Neuroscience, 30 :)2010( 39/ 13109-13105, doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.210510.2010-.

136 تأثيرات الإباحية على الدماغ [125] David J. Ley, «An Erectile Dysfunction Myth,» Psychology Today Blogs, August 29, 2013, http://www.psychologytoday.com/ blog/women-who-stray/201308/erectile-dysfunction-myth.