توجيه القراءات عند ابن العربي من خلال تفسيره أحكام القرآن جمع ودراسة

a Abstract Taujih Al - Qira ’ a t 1 According T o Abu Bakr Ibn A l - Arabi In His E xegesis Ahkam Al - Qu’ran Collection & Study By kerr out Rad ouane Adviser : Dr.Lakhdar Haddad This study aims to understand Taujih Al - Qira ’ at * in light of research done earlier by commentators of this art on one side , and actually that is a general purpose dealt with by the a uthor using sources in Ibn Al - Arabi’s Exegesis ‘’ Ahkam Al - Qu’ran ’’ . The s tudy context is Taujih Al - Qira ’ at and not The Q u’ranic r eadings rules except pertinent aspects related to the study ‘s main subject .T his research is mainly focused on Taujih Al - Qiraat through Ibn Al - Arabi’ s exege sis as the theme is the e xegesis ‘’ Ahkam Al - Qu ’ ran ’ , on the other side . T he Thesis work is divided into an i ntroduction two p arts. The introduction deals with the definition of the t hesis title that is mainly Taujih Al - Qira ’ at and related topics. * Taujih Al - Qiraat is the S cience dealing with aspects of Qur’anic readings in light of research findings in the field of language , conjugation and meaning.

b The Part I of the study contains the Biography of Ibn Al - Arabi that point ed out his scientific value and originality , his name and lineage, the way he was raised in his society and his oriental trip , also the names of his prominent scholars , the positions taken up in j udicial administration and Shura Council and others , furthermore , his disciples and works . The author dedicated an important chapter for Abu Bakr Ibn Al - Arabi’s position in Qu’ranic studies through his works and opinions in this art. lastly , he mentioned scholars ‘s opinion on him , his death and burial place. The part II consists of the study of Taujih Al - Qira ’ at theory in Ibn Al - Arabi’s exegesis , the first chapter deals with the definition and condition s of Qu ’ ranic readings according to the exegete Ibn Al - Arabi , The second chapter contains the ruling of Ibn Al - Arabi on recurrent readings based upon substantiation , preferring and evidencing , in the third chapter the author pointed out Ibn Al - Arabi’ s ruling on rare readings based upon substantiation and evidencing . In the fouth c hapter , t he author showed sources used by Ibn Al - Arabi in Taujih Al - Qira’at and Qur’anic readings , in the fifth chapter , the writer stated the methodology used in Taujih Al - Qira’at and Qur’anic readings based upon terminology , referring , authenti cation and types. In the sixth chapter , the author list ed the types of Taujih Al - Qira’at in the e xegesis , and the principals referred to by Ibn Al - Arabi in Taujih Al - Qira’at. In Part III , the author collected Ibn Arabi’s Taujihaat ( Plural of Taujih ) from his e xegesis and then divided them into fourth categories , the first one deal t with differences in declension , the second category analyse d the differences in conjugations , the third category concerned linguistic differences , the fourth category consisted of a compiling of different related topics , also the author commented on Taujihaat by referring to authentication of Qur’anic readings ,

c along with stating the recurrent and rare ones , the Taujih of Ibn Al - Arabi was also compared to Taujiha a t of some leading Exegetes , Grammarians and Readers . In the end , the author put the findings of his research in the conclusion , among the most important one is the scientific value of Taujihaat of Ibn Al - Arabi. Su ccess comes from Allah

أ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﻣﻨﺰل اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت، ﺗﻴﺴﺮا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺎدﻩ، وﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ إﻋﺠﺎزﻩ، وﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﱯ اﻷﻣّﻲ، اﻟﺬي ﻛﺎن اﻟﻘﺮآن أﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻌﺠﺰاﺗﻪ، وأوﺿﺢ آﻳﺎﺗﻪ، وآﻟﻪ وﺻﺤﺒﻪ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﻮﻩ ﺣﻖ اﻟﺘﻼوة، واﺣﺘﻔﻮا ﺑﻪ أﺑﻠﻎ اﳊﻔﺎوة؛ أﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ : ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺰل اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻣﻨﻬﻼ ﻋﺬﺑًﺎ، ﻳﺮدﻩ ﻛﻞ ﺻﺎد ﻓﻴﺸﻔﻲ ﻏﻠﺘﻪ، وﻳﺴﺪ ﻤﺘﻪ، وﱂ ﻳﺰل اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻳﺼﺪرون ﻋﻨﻪ، وﻛﻞﱡ ﻗﺪ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﳏﻞ درﺳﻪ، وﲝﺜﻪ، ﻓﺴﲑً ا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﻢ، وﺟﺮﻳً ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻮاﳍﻢ، ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﳎﺎل اﻟﺪّ رس ﰲ ﲝﺜﻪ اﳌﻮﺳﻮم :" ﺗﻮﺟﻴ ﻪ اﻟﻘﺮاءات ﻋﻨﺪ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ، ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻩ أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن - ﲨﻌﺎ ودراﺳﺔ - ". وﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻏﺮض ﻛﻠﻲ؛ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﺮاءات، ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﻨﺎول اﳌﻔﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﳍﺎ . وﻏﺮض ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺗﺪرج ﺑﻪ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ إﱃ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ، وﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﺮاءات، ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻔﺴﲑ أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻻﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ . ﺣﺪود اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ : ﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﺮاءات ﻓﻼ ﻳﺘﻄﺮق إﱃ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻘﺮاءات إﻻ ﻣﺎﻛﺎن ﻟﻪ أﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ . واﳊﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ : ﻫﻮ ﺗﻨﺎول ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ؛ ﻓ ﻤﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ أﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻘﺮآن . وﻗﺪ ﺟﺎءت ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺮّﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ وﺑﻴﺎن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻐﺮض ﰲ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﺼﻮل ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﲤﻬﻴ ﺪ . ﻓﺄﻣّﺎ اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ؛ ﻓﻴﺘﻨﺎول ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻻت اﻟﻌﻨﻮان؛ وﻫﻲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات واﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ، ﻓﺒﻌﺪ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻘﺮاءات ﻟﻐﺔ ﺑﲔ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻘﺮاءات ﰲ اﻻﺻﻄﻼح، وﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﻘﺪر اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻨﺎول ﺑﻪ اﳌﻔﺴﺮ اﻟﻘﺮاءات، ﻓﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﲔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻘﺮاءات ، ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ أﻧﻪ ﻓﻦ ، وﻋﻠﻢ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﳐﺼﻮﺻﺔ ، و و ﺳﺎﺋﻞ وﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎت، واﻟﻘﺮاءات ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻨّ ﺴﺒﺔ، وﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﺪر اﻟﺬي ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻪ اﳌﻔﺴﺮ . وﰲ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻟﻐﺔً ، وﺑﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ اﳌﻌﲎ اﻟﻠﻐﻮي ، واﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﻲ . وذﻛﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ أن ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ؛ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ دارج ﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ، ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻳﺪور ﻣﻊ اﻹﺷﻜﺎل وﺟﻮدا وﻋﺪﻣﺎ . وﺑﲔ أن ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﺮاءات أﺧﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ اﳌﻮﺿﻮع ، وﻫﻮ ﻗﺮاءات اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﱘ، و ﺑﲔ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﰲ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺎول ﻫﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ؟ أم ﻣﻴﺪاﺎ أ وﺳﻊ ؟ وﺧﻠﺺ إﱃ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ؛ ﻫﻮ :" ﺑﻴﺎن وﺟﻪ ﻣﺎ ذﻫﺐ إﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺎرئ . " ،

ب وﻷن أﻟﻘﺎب ﻫﺬا اﻟﻔﻦ ﻛﺜﲑة ، ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﳌﻌﲎ اﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎج واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻞ . وﺧﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪ، ﺑﺒﻴﺎن ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺗﻄﻮر ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﺮاءات، ﺣﱴ ﻳﻀﻊ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﻗﻪ اﻟﺘﺎرﳜﻲ . أﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول ، ﻓﺘﻨﺎول ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ، واﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻧﻌﻄﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺗﻪ، وﻛ ﺴﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﱰاﺟﻢ ﺗﻨﺎول ﻣﺎ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎرف ، ﻛﺎﲰﻪ وﻧﺴﺒﻪ وﻣﻮﻟﺪﻩ ﰲ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول، و ﰲ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺎن ﲢﻘﻘﻪ ﺑﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ﰲ ﺑﻮاﻛﲑ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ،ﻣﻊ اﻹﻃﻼﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺎوﳍﺎ، وﰲ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ : ذﻛﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ رﺣﻠﺘﻪ اﳌﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ، وذﻟﻚ أن ا ﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ وﻟﻘﺎء اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻀﻞ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ واﻟﺮﺳﻮخ . وﺑﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﲣﺮج ﻢ . وﰲ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ : ﻋﻮدﺗﻪ إﱃ اﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ وﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻠﺪﻩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﻀﺎء واﻟﺸﻮرى ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﲑ إﱃ ﺟﻬﺎدﻩ رﲪﻪ اﷲ، وﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﺑﻈﻼﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﲑة اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻻﺷﻚ . وﰲ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﳋﺎﻣﺲ : ﺑﲔ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ أﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ آﺛﺎر وﻫﻲ ﻧﻮﻋﺎن آﺛﺎر ﺣﻴﺔ وﻫﻢ ﺗﻼﻣﻴﺬﻩ، وآﺛﺎر ﻣﺎدﻳﺔ وﻫﻲ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ، وﺑﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺜﺮة اﻟﺘﻼﻣﻴﺬ واﳌﺼﻨﻔﺎت واﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻗﻴﻤﺔ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ . وﰲ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺴﺎدس ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ وﻫﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ اﻋﺘﲎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﺑﺮاز ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﻠﻜﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﺔ وﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺮوﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﻘﺮآﻧﻴﺔ ، وﻣﺆﻟﻔﺎﺗﻪ وآراؤﻩ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﺎب . وﰲ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻷﺧﲑ : ذﻛﺮ ﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﳑﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﻟﻪ، ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﺮض ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺮض ﻟﻪ ﺑﻨﻘﺪ، رادا ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺔ واﻟﱪﻫﺎن اﳌﻄﺎﻋﻦ اﻟﱵ أُ ﺧِ ﺬَ ت ﻋﻠﻴﻪ . و ﻋﺮض اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ إﱃ وﻓﺎﺗﻪ وﻣﻜﺎن دﻓﻨﻪ . أﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﻬﻮ دراﺳﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﺮاءات ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ وﻗﺪم اﻟﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻷﺎ أﺳﺎس اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﻨﺎول ﰲ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻘﺮاءات وﺷﺮوﻃﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ، وﺑﲔ أن اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻳﺘ ﻨﺎول اﻟﻘﺮاءات ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﻗﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﺎرﳜﻲ، ﻓﺒﲔ رأي اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ اﻷﺣﺮف اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ و ﲨﻊ اﻟﻘﺮآن، واﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻘﺮاءات وﻧﺸﺄﺎ، ﰒ ﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﺮاءات وﺷﺮوﻃﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ، وﺑﲔ أﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﺎوﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺻﻄﻼح اﻟﻘﺮاء ﺗﺎرة وﻋﻠﻰ اﺻﻄﻼح اﻷﺻﻮﻟﻴﲔ ﺗﺎرة أﺧﺮى . وﺑﲔ اﻟﻔَ ﺮْ ق ﰲ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻘﺮاءات ﺑﲔ اﻟﻘﺮاء واﻷﺻﻮﻟﻴﲔ . وﺑﲔ أﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﻘﺮاءات ﻋﻨﺪ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ أو أوﺻﺎف ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﺮاءات ﻋﻨﺪ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ .

ج أﻣﺎ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﺘﻨﺎول ﻣﻮﻗﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﳌﺘﻮاﺗﺮة ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻹﺛﺒﺎت، واﻟﱰﺟﻴﺢ وﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﱰﺟﻴﺢ، واﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎج ﺎ ﰲ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم واﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ، وﻫﺬ ﻩ اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﳍﺎ أﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﺮاءات . أﻣﺎ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ : ﻓ ﺘﻨﺎول ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮاءات اﻟﺸﺎذة وﻣﻬّﺪ ﺑﺒﻴﺎن أوﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﺸﺬوذ وﺗﻄﻮرﻩ اﻟﺘﺎرﳜﻲ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻀﻊ إﻃﻼق اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﺸﺬوذ ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﻗﻪ، ﰒ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻮﻗﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎج ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮاءة اﻟﺸﺎذة ﰲ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ واﻷﺣﻜﺎم وﻫﺬﻩ اﳌ ﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﳍﺎ أﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻘﺮاءات . وﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻟﺒﻴﺎن ﻣﺼﺎدر اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات واﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ وﺑﲔ اﺳﺘﻤﺪاد اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﱰاث اﻹﻗﺮاﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻋﺼﺮﻩ ﰒ ﺑﲔ اﳌﺼﺎدر اﳌﺨﺼﻮﺻﺔ اﻟﱵ أﺷﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻘﺮاءات واﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ . أﻣﺎ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻓﻘﺎم اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬ ﺠﻴﺔ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﰲ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻘﺮاءات وﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت واﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ واﻟﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ واﻷﻧﻮاع . أﻣﺎ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻓﺒﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ، واﻷﺻﻮل اﻟﱵ اﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ وذﻛﺮ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ . أﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ : ﻓﻘﺎم اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﲜﻤﻊ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ وﻗﺴّﻤﻬﺎ ﲝﺴﺐ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ إﱃ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻷول ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻼف اﻹﻋﺮاﰊ، واﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﺼﺮﰲ، واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻠﻐﻮي، واﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﺑﺎب ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ، وﻋﻠﻖ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت ﻓﺘﻨﺎول ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﺮاءات، وﺑﻴﺎن اﳌﺘﻮاﺗﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺎذ، ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﺘّﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺔ وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت اﳌﻔﺴﺮﻳﻦ واﻟﻨﺤﻮﻳﲔ واﻟﻘﺮاء، ﻣﺒﻴﻨﺎ اﻷﺻﻮل اﻟﱵ اﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﰲ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ، ﻓﺎﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول ﻳﺘﻨﺎول ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف اﻹﻋﺮاﰊ وﻫﻮ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻻﺧ ﺘﻼف ﰲ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻹﻋﺮاﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻘﺮاءﺗﲔ ﻛﺎﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﲔ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ واﻟﻨﺼﺐ وﻏﲑﻫﺎ أﻣﺎ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﺘﻨﺎول اﻻﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﺼﺮﰲ واﳌﻘﺼﻮد ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﺧﺘﻼف ﰲ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻛﺎﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻘﺮاءات ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻛﻔﻌﻞ وﻓﺎﻋﻞ وﻓﻌّﻞ أو اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﲔ اﺳﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ واﺳﻢ اﳌﻔﻌﻮل، أﻣﺎ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻓﺘﻨﺎول ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻠﻐﻮي واﳌﻘﺼﻮد اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﰲ اﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻠﻐﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﺎء ﺟﺬر اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻛﺎﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﲔ اﳌﻠﻜﲔ، ﻣﻦ اﳌﻠﻚ ، واﳌﻠِﻜﲔ ﻣﻦ اﻟـﻤُــﻠْﻚ ، أﻣﺎ اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎب ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﳌﺘﻔﺮﻗﺎت؛ ﻓﺘﻨﺎول اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﰲ اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة واﳊﺬف

د وﳓﻮﻫﺎ؛ ﻛﺰﻳﺎدة ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌ ﺎت ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ M Å Ä Ã Æ L اﳌﺎﺋﺪة : ٩٨ . وﰲ اﻷﺧﲑ دوّن اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ اﳋﺎﲤﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ أﳘﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت اﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﰊ . واﻟﺤﻤﺪ ﷲ وﻟﻲ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ .